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| 1 | 混合双极高压直流输电系统的特性研究显示文摘为了充分发挥电网换相换流器高压直流输电系统(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)和电压源换流器高压直流输电系统(voltagesource converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)的优势,针对一种新型的混合双极高压直流输电系统(hybrid bipolar basedhigh voltage direct current,HB-HVDC)进行了研究,该系统的正极是传统的12脉动LCC-HVDC系统,而负极是VSC-HVDC系统。建立了由LCC正极和VSC负极组成的混合双极高压直流输电系统的模型,推导了其在稳态时的数学模型,并设计了正负极之间的协调控制策略。在PSCAD/EMTDC环境下对HB-HVDC系统的稳态和暂态运行特性进行了研究分析。最后对HB-HVDC系统和闭锁负极VSC-HVDC后LCC-HVDC系统的运行特性进行了对比研究。结果表明:HB-HVDC系统可以更好地调节交流母线电压,减少LCC极换相失败的可能性,并且具有快速的故障恢复能力;同时也证明所设计的协调控制策略可以有效地改善HB-HVDC系统的稳态和动态特性。 | 郭春义 赵成勇 Allan Montanari Aniruddha M.Gole 肖湘宁 | 2012 | 中国电机工程学报2012，32，10： | 60 |
| 2 | Electroporative interleukin-10 gene transfer ameliorates carbon tetrachlo-ride-induced murine liver fibrosis by MMP and TIMP modulation显示文摘瞄准:肝纤维变性代表响应长期的肝损伤愈合并且结疤的一个过程。为肝纤维变性的有效治疗正在缺乏。Interleukin-10 (IL-10 ) 是 cytokine 下面调整支持 inflammatory 回答并且在肝的纤维发生上有调节效果。这研究的目的是调查 electroporative IL-10 基因治疗是否在老鼠上有肝的 fibrolytic 效果。方法:肝的纤维变性被在老鼠管理四氯化碳(CCl4 ) 10 个星期导致。在肝的纤维变性被建立以后,人的 IL-10 表示原生质标志经由 electroporation 被交付。组织病理学说,反向的抄写聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR ) ,弄污的免疫,和明胶 zymography 被用来调查 IL-10 的行动的可能的机制。结果:人的 IL-10 基因治疗在老鼠颠倒了导致 CCl4 的肝纤维变性。RT-PCR 表明那 IL-10 基因治疗稀释了肝 TGF-beta1,骨胶原 alpha1, fibronectin,和房间粘附分子在规定上面的 mRNA。后面的基因转移,两个都, alpha 光滑的肌肉肌动朊和 cyclooxygenase-2 的激活显著地被稀释。而且, IL-10 显著地禁止了矩阵 metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2 ) 和矩阵 metalloproteinase (TIMP ) 的织物禁止者在 CCl4 沉醉以后的激活。结论:我们证明那 IL-10 基因治疗在老鼠稀释了导致 CCl4 的肝纤维变性。在调整 fibrogenic 和支持 inflammatory 基因回答上面阻止的 IL-10。它的溶胶原效果可以被归因于 MMP 和 TIMP 调整。IL-10 基因治疗可以是对有潜在的临床的使用的肝纤维变性的一种有效治疗学的形式。 | Wen-ying CHOU Cheng-nan LU Tsung-hsing LEE Chia-ling WU Kung-sheng HUNG Allan M CONCEJERO Bruno JAWAN Cheng-haung WANG | 2006 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2006，27，4： | 25 |
| 3 | 中国牛奶生产的全要素生产率分析显示文摘本文以国有及集体和个体奶牛场牛奶生产的随机投入距离函数,分析中国牛奶全要素生产率的增长及来源。总体上讲,中国牛奶生产全要素生产率的增长是比较温和的,国有及集体和个体奶牛场全要素生产率的年均增长率分别为0.25%和2.33%,主要来自于技术进步。国有及集体奶牛场的技术效率明显下降,而个体奶牛场的技术效率略有增长。中国牛奶生产的技术效率水平大约为80%~90%。推广新技术仍然是中国今后牛奶生产的优先政策。 | 马恒运 唐华仓 Allan Rae | 2007 | 中国农村经济2007，，2： | 26 |
| 4 | Quality assurance and quality control in the laboratory andrology显示文摘优秀保证(质量保证) 和质量控制(质量管理) 是任何实验室测量的基本方面。与另外的医药学科比较,然而,对在实验室 andrology 的质量保证和质量管理的需要仅仅最近被认出了。而且,有证据,努力要求了承担质量保证,质量管理没被一些临床医生完全欢迎了。不过,逐渐地相信身体和规章的当局因为两个对优秀管理进程中央,要求实验室在地方有有效质量保证和质量管理措施的证据。跟随用手的、存在质量保证和质量管理系统将需要被更新考虑一些方法学的变化的世界健康组织实验室的第 5 编辑的出版由手册推荐了。这些中的三个在这评论被讨论;他们联系到:(i) 从它的重量推断精液体积的行动;(ii ) 精子活动性的重新分类从四~三分级;并且(iii ) 为 4% 的形态学的更低的参考限制的出版(与一相应 3% 鈥 ?% 的 95% 信心间隔) 。在所有实验室的质量保证和质量管理的重要性测试,包括估计精子 DNA 正直的生气勃勃的新测试,被讨论。对职业开发的足够的起始的训练并且持续的需要规划支持执行 andrology 的实验室科学家也被描述。 | Allan A. Pacey | 2010 | Asian Journal of Andrology2010，12，1： | 25 |
| 5 | ISUOG实用指南(更新版):胎儿心脏超声筛查指南解读显示文摘本文是对以往国际妇产科超声学会(The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology,ISUOG)发表的关于孕中期胎儿心脏超声筛查常规[1]的修订和更新版本,为产前超声筛查先天性心脏病的最新观点。新的ISUOG指南与其他指南相一致,推荐将超声筛查胎儿心脏的左右心室流出道观和四腔观列入常规筛查。 | 孙夫丽 吴青青 王莉 Carvalho JS Allan LD | 2014 | 中华医学超声杂志(电子版)2014，11，4： | 25 |
| 6 | 能力还是热情?广告诉求对消费者品牌认同和购买意向的影响显示文摘基于自我建构理论和情绪理论,本文探讨了自我建构与广告诉求对品牌认同的交互作用、影响机制及边界条件。通过3个实验,我们发现对于独立自我建构的消费者来说,能力广告诉求更能提高品牌认同感,而对于相依自我建构的消费者来说,热情广告诉求则更有效;同时我们也验证了广告诉求到愉悦感到品牌认同最终到购买意向的因果链模型,并确定了企业类型对该机制的调节作用。 | 朱振中 刘福 Haipeng(Allan)Chen | 2020 | 心理学报2020，52，3： | 26 |
| 7 | 村干部激励因素贡献分析--以陕西省长武县为例显示文摘本文将村干部的激励强度划分为工作满意度、工作难度评价和留任意愿三个替代指标。本文通过分析第一手农村调查数据并建立Ordered Logitistic模型和情景试验调查,研究了工资报酬、社会声誉、规范化村治制度的运行效果及发展机会等激励因素对村干部激励强度的贡献。研究发现:①村干部名义补贴兑现率能够显著提高其工作满意度和降低其工作难度评价,并提高其留任意愿;②村干部的社会声誉能够显著提高其工作满意度和留任意愿,并降低其工作难度评价;③规范化村治制度的运行效果能够提高村干部的工作满意度和留任意愿,但在短期会增加其工作难度评价;④为村干部创造学习、进修的机会对村干部激励的效果是模糊的。研究结果表明,通过提高村干部工资报酬待遇及其兑现率、强化村干部社会声誉、推行规范化村治制度能明显提高村干部的工作积极性;但是,向村干部提供发展机会对村干部的激励效果不明显。 | 王征兵 宁泽逵 Allan Rae | 2009 | 中国农村观察2009，，1： | 21 |
| 8 | Sperm DNA fragmentation, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage显示文摘证据正在增加精子 DNA 的正直可能也与培植失败和周期性的流产(RM ) 有关。调查这,在有在 vitro 授精,与 RM 诊断的 16 个女人和七位最近的父亲(控制) 列在后面的周期性的培植失败(RIF ) 的 35 个女人的搭挡的精子 DNA 破碎被检验。精子由测试和终端 deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP 刻痕结束标记的精子染色质分散(SCD )(TUNEL ) 是检验密度前和密度以后的 centrifugation 试金。在在三之间的搭挡或精子集中,活动性或形态学组织的任何一个的年龄没有重要差别。而且,在 DNA 破碎由也测量了的精子没有明显的差别测试。不管多么虽然平均在所有的精子 DNA 破碎组织当由 SCD 测试测量了时,在准备精子是统计上更低的,这没从 TUNEL 试金与结果被看见。这些结果不支持精子 DNA 破碎是 RIF 或 RM 的一个重要原因的假设,否则测试的那精子 DNA 正直在如此的病人有价值。它也在从精子 DNA 破碎测试解释数据加亮测试方法论和精子准备方法之间的重要差别。 | Carol Coughlan Helen Clarke Rachel Cutting Jane Saxton Sarah Waite William Ledger Tinchiu Li Allan A Pacey | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，4： | 17 |
| 9 | 裂缝性油气藏采收率:100个裂缝性油气田实例的经验总结(英文)显示文摘通过对世界上100个裂缝性油气藏的综合评价,研究储集层及流体本身的性质(包括孔隙度、渗透率、黏度、可动油比例、含水饱和度、润湿性及裂缝分布特征等)和驱动机制及油藏管理战略(优化日产量和采用不同类型的提高采收率技术)对其最终采收率的影响。将裂缝性油气藏分为4类:Ⅰ类的基质几乎没有孔隙度和渗透率,裂缝是储存空间和流体流动的通道;Ⅱ类的基质有较低的孔隙度和渗透率,基质提供储存空间,裂缝提供流动通道;Ⅲ类(微孔隙)的基质具有高孔隙度和低渗透率,基质提供储存空间,裂缝提供流动通道;Ⅳ类(大孔隙)的基质具有高的孔隙度和渗透率,基质提供储存空间和流动通道,裂缝仅增加渗透率。对26个Ⅱ类油气藏和20个Ⅲ类油气藏的开采历史的研究表明:Ⅱ类油气藏的采收率受水驱强度和最优日产量控制,日产量过高会很容易破坏Ⅱ类油气藏,一些Ⅱ类油气藏如果管理得当,采收率可以很高,不需要二次或三次采油;Ⅲ类油气藏的采收率主要受岩石和流体本身性质的影响,特别是基质渗透率、流体重度、润湿性以及裂缝强度等,不进行二次或三次采油不可能完全开采,往往需要采用一些提高采收率的专门技术。以往将Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类裂缝性油气藏归为一类,认识它们的区别将有助于选择更好的开发策略。 | Jack Allan S Qing Sun | 2003 | 石油勘探与开发2003，30，6： | 17 |
| 10 | 基于RZWQM模型的石羊河流域春小麦灌溉制度优化显示文摘为探讨石羊河流域春小麦适宜灌水上限及不同生育期计划湿润层深度,在该地区开展田间试验。利用田间试验资料对RZWQM(root zone water quality model)模型进行率定和验证,并应用模型模拟了灌水上限及不同生育阶段计划湿润层深度对春小麦籽粒产量、灌水量、籽粒灌溉水利用效率及灌水次数的影响。结果表明:不同灌水处理间产量差异较小,但所需灌水量有较大差异,存在节水空间;灌水上限对于灌水量的影响要远远大于对产量的影响,灌水上限的降低会增加灌水次数,从而提高小麦产量;适宜的计划湿润层深度可以保证灌溉水尽可能多的分布于根系吸收范围内,避免浪费,达到节水目的;试验证明,通过调控灌水上限和各生育期计划湿润层深度可以达到节水增产的目的。综合考虑各控制因素对产量、所需灌水量及籽粒灌溉水利用效率的影响,建议该地区春小麦灌溉制度为:灌水上限选择80%田间持水量,苗期计划湿润层深度为30 cm,拔节期计划湿润层深度为60 cm,抽穗期计划湿润层深度为50 cm,灌浆期计划湿润层深度为70 cm。 | 周始威 胡笑涛 王文娥 Allan A.Andales 张亚军 | 2016 | 农业工程学报2016，32，6： | 16 |
| 11 | Neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related mortality for which liver resection is an important curative-intent treatment option. However, many patients present with advanced disease and with underlying chronic liver disease and/or cirrhosis, limiting the proportion of patients who are surgical candidates. In addition, the development of recurrent or de novo cancers following surgical resection is common. These issues have led investigators to evaluate the benefit of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies aimed at improving resectability rates and decreasing recurrence rates. While high-level evidence to guide treatment decision making is lacking, recent advances in locoregional and systemic therapies, including antiviral treatment and immunotherapy, raise the prospect of novel approaches that may improve the outcomes of patients with HCC. In this review, we evaluate the evidence for various neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and discuss opportunities for future clinical and translational research. | Clifford Akateh Sylvester M Black Lanla Conteh Eric D Miller Anne Noonan Eric Elliott Timothy M Pawlik Allan Tsung Jordan M Cloyd | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，28： | 16 |
| 12 | Systemic Signaling and Local Sensing of Phosphate in Common Bean: Cross-Talk between Photosynthate and MicroRNA399显示文摘Shoot-to-root 通讯为到磷(P) 缺乏的植物环境适应是关键的。糖和 miRNAs 作为在根为基因表示和 Pi 举起的规定从射击通过韧皮部搬运到根的潜在的信号分子被含有。由在普通豆子(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 学习 serine/threonine 磷酸酶基因(PvHAD1 ) 和 microRNA399 (miR399 ) 的表示模式,我们在 P 缺乏下面在基因表示的全身的规定为在光,韧皮部运输,和 miR399 之间的相互作用提供证据。特别,在两个的 miR399 表示射击和根在 P 缺乏的发作期间要求光合的碳吸收。与全身的发信号相对照,本地察觉到是为由在在 P 缺乏的根的 miR399 水平的减小以前的 Pi 的 PvHAD1 的快速的下面规定的主要原因的因素。而且,对在 P 缺乏的根的 Pi 的这起始的回答被 Pi 类似物也模仿, phosphonate (Phi ) 。我们的当前的调查结果建议植物开发了一条高度协调的双规章的小径,从射击的 P 缺乏的也就是长途的发信号到在根 Pi 察觉到的根对本地人。 | Jun-Qi Liu Deborah L. Allan Carroll R Vance | 2010 | Molecular Plant2010，3，2： | 15 |
| 13 | Plepatocyte growth factor in lung repair and pulmonary fibrosis显示文摘 | Ronald Allan M PANGANIBAN Regina M DAY | 2011 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2011，32，1： | 14 |
| 14 | Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-IgG Contributes to Oligodendrocytopathy in the Presence of Complement, Distinct from Astrocytopathy Induced by AQP4-IgG显示文摘Immunoglobulin G against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG-Ig G) is detectable in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD) without aquaporin-4 Ig G(AQP4-Ig G), but its pathogenicity remains unclear.In this study, we explored the pathogenic mechanisms of MOG-Ig G in vitro and in vivo and compared them with those of AQP4-Ig G. MOG-Ig G-positive serum induced complement activation and cell death in human embryonic kidney(HEK)-293 T cells transfected with human MOG. In C57 BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats, MOG-Ig G only caused lesions in the presence of complement. Interestingly, AQP4-Ig G induced astroglial damage, while MOGIg G mainly caused myelin loss. MOG-Ig G also induced astrocyte damage in mouse brains in the presence ofcomplement. Importantly, we also observed ultrastructural changes induced by MOG-Ig G and AQP4-Ig G. These findings suggest that MOG-Ig G directly mediates cell death by activating complement in vitro and producing NMOSDlike lesions in vivo. AQP4-Ig G directly targets astrocytes,while MOG-Ig G mainly damages oligodendrocytes. | Ling Fang Xinmei Kang Zhen Wang Shisi Wang Jingqi Wang Yifan Zhou Chen Chen Xiaobo Sun Yaping Yan Allan G. Kermode Lisheng Peng Wei Qiu | 2019 | Neuroscience Bulletin2019，35，5： | 13 |
| 15 | 荧光显像技术在消化外科中的应用进展显示文摘近红外荧光显像技术可运用特殊分子的荧光特性增强显示人体重要解剖结构和组织血流灌注。笔者总结荧光显像技术原理、常用荧光分子特性和荧光显像设备特点,探讨荧光显像技术在胃食管外科、肝胆外科、结直肠外科及腹膜恶性肿瘤等外科实践中的应用价值。笔者认为:通过特异性抗体偶联荧光分子探针检出肿瘤转移灶是荧光显像技术应用于消化外科的未来发展方向。 | Lucas Willian Thornblade Kurt Allan Melstrom Ali Zhumkhawala Yuman Fong | 2021 | 中华消化外科杂志2021，20，2： | 13 |
| 16 | Trans-arterial chemo-embolization is safe and effective for very elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) in very elderly patients. METHODS: A prospective cohort study, from 2001 to 2010, compared clinical outcomes following TACE between patients ≥ 75 years old and younger patients (aged between 65 and 75 years and younger than 65 years) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), diagnosed according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases criteria. The decision that patients were not candidates for curative therapy was made by a multidisciplinary HCC team. Data collected included demographics, co-morbidities, liver disease etiology, liver disease severity and the number of procedures. The primary outcome was mortality; secondary outcomes included post-embolization syndrome (nausea, fever, abdominal right upper quadrant pain, increase in liver enzymes with no evidence of sepsis and with a clinical course limited to 3-4 d post procedure) and 30-d complications. Additionally, changes in liver enzyme measurements were assessed [alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase] in the week following TACE. Analysis employed both univariate and multivariate methods (Cox regression models). RESULTS: Of 102 patients who underwent TACE as sole treatment, 10 patients (9.8%) were > 80 years old at diagnosis; 13 (12.7%) were between 75 and 80 years, 45 (44.1%) were between 65 and 75 years and 34 (33.3%) were younger than 65 years. Survival analysis demonstrated similar survival patterns between the elderly patients and younger patients. Age was also not associated with the adverse event rate. Survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years from diagnosis were 74%, 37% and 31% among patients < 65 years; 83%, 66% and 48% among patients aged 65 to 75 years; and 86%, 41% and 23% among patients ≥ 75 years. There were no differences between the age groups in the pre-procedural care, including preventive treatment for contrast nephropathy and prophylactic antibiotics. Multivariate survival analysis, controlling for disease stage at diagnosis with the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer score, number of TACE procedures, sex and alphafetoprotein level at the time of diagnosis, found no significant difference in the mortality hazard for elderly vs younger patients, and there were no differences in post-procedural complications. Serum creatinine levels did not change after 55% of the procedures, in all age groups. In 42% of all procedures, serum creatinine levels increased by no more than 25% above the baseline levels prior to TACE. Overall, there were 69 post-embolization events (23%). Hepatocellular enzymes often increased following TACE, with no association with prognosis. In 40% of the procedures, ALT and AST levels rose by at least 100%. The increases in hepatocellular enzymes occurred similarly in all age groups. CONCLUSION: TACE is safe and effective in very elderly patients with HCC, and is not associated with decreased survival or increased complication rates. | Matan J Cohen Allan I Bloom Orly Barak Alexander Klimov Tova Nesher Daniel Shouval Izhar Levi Oren Shibolet | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，16： | 13 |
| 17 | 外观新颖性对消费者购买意愿的影响:自我建构与产品类型的调节效应显示文摘外观创新在市场竞争中的地位越来越突出,然而因此而导致的成败案例都很普遍。如何进行外观创新更受消费者欢迎,其内在机制是什么,我们却知之甚少。基于独特性需求理论、风险感知理论及自我建构理论,本文探讨了自我建构与外观新颖性对消费者购买意愿的交互作用、影响机制以及边界条件。通过3个实验,发现对于独立型自我建构的消费者而言,高外观新颖性能引发独特性需求从而提高购买意愿,而对于相依型自我建构而言,低外观新颖性则通过降低社会风险感知从而提高购买意愿;同时,本文也确定了产品类型对该机制的调节作用,具体来讲,对于实用品,所有消费者都对低外观新颖性产品具有更强的购买意愿,而对于享乐品,所有消费者都对高外观新颖性产品具有更强的购买意愿。 | 朱振中 李晓君 刘福 Haipeng(Allan)Chen | 2020 | 心理学报2020，52，11： | 13 |
| 18 | 铂族元素在地壳中的富集:以布什维尔德杂岩为例(英文)显示文摘地幔是地壳铂族元素富集的主要源库。铂族元素迁移主要有两个途径:(1)地慢部分熔融物质侵入地壳;(2)地幔板片就位于俯冲/碰撞带。前一途径比后一途径重要得多。地幔物质进入地壳造成铂族元素富集并成为可供开采的主矿产而非副产品,这一过程可包含许多成矿作用机制:(i)基性侵入体中Ni-Cu硫化物矿浆的发育,岩浆冷却与分离结晶作用导致富含Cu,Pt,Pd的硫化物矿浆的形成;(ii)层状侵入体一定层位形成高品位的铂族元素硫化物层,伴生或不伴生铬铁岩;(iii)富铂族元素及硫化物的岩浆沿着层状侵入体的边缘就位;(iv)直至层状侵入体结晶分异作用晚期的硫化物不混溶滞后分离;(v)不发育硫化物不混溶作用的铬铁矿结晶作用;(vi)低程度硫化物浸染带中的热液作用与铂族元素富集;(vii)乌拉尔一阿拉斯加型侵入体重结晶过程中的铂族元素与铬铁矿的次生富集作用,岩体在风化过程中形成砂矿床;(viii)黑色页岩形成过程中Pt的富集。南非布什维尔德火成杂岩蕴藏世界Pt资源的75%,Pd资源的54%,Rh资源的82%,并具有(ii)、(iii)、(iv)、(v)、(vi)成矿作用的实例。在这些作用中,作用(ii)形成的现有经济储量和资源量占90%,作用(iii)占9%。Merensky矿层(占总资源量30%)是一个铂族元素富集层位,它含1~3铬铁矿薄层,在可采宽度内硫化物平均含量为1%~3%(质量分数)。硫化物一般被认为是铂族元素的主要聚集体。该矿层由两个或两个以上含硫化物的基性热岩浆上升;12聚而成。这些岩浆的汇聚造成超镁铁质堆晶岩的厚度(主要是斜方辉石岩,某些地区包括橄榄岩)变化于50cm至数米之间。开采通常集中在厚度不到1m的地带。矿层的成因至今仍存在争议,一些观点认为铂族元素来自下部上升的热液流体,另一些观点认为铂族元素来自上部岩浆的硫化物沉降作用,并形成了Merensky辉石岩。已经知道矿层上覆的辉石岩、苏长岩和斜长岩中矿物来自两种岩浆类型:一种富含MgO(12%,质量分数)和Cr,而贫A12O3(12%);另一种含典型的粒玄岩成分。UG-2铬铁岩含有全部经济资源量的58%,由-0.6~1m厚的铬铁岩层(有时见辉石岩夹层)和上覆的1~3层由铬铁矿所构成的薄层。虽然硫化物被认为至少是某些情况下对铂族元素的富集起作用,但UG-2的硫化物含量(O.5%~1.5%)显著低于Merensky矿层。UG-2层之下共有13个铬铁岩层位,所有的都含铂族元素,虽然铂族元素总含量和(Pt+Pd)/(Ru+Ir+Os)比值远低于UG-2。UG-2内所含的辉石岩“夹层”具高的^87Sr/^86Sr比值,说明与顶部熔融岩石的混合促进了铬铁岩和硫化物的形成。作用(iii)的主要实例是Platreef。目前它占总资源量的9%。不过,沿该带正积极开展找矿勘探工作,这一比例将来还会提高。这一矿层的厚度比Merensky和UG-2都要大,目前开采厚度达50多米。Platreef呈带状,上部为斜方辉石岩的堆晶岩;下部为辉石岩、长石辉石岩和苏长岩,它们与页岩、铁矿层和白云岩强烈相互作用,直接形成了底盘岩石。笔者认为Platreef是不同期次岩浆作用的结果,这些作用形成了不同的单元产物,包括布什维尔德主岩浆房的UG-2和Merensky矿层。新的岩浆进入主岩浆房会造成先存岩浆移位、岩浆错动并会冲破岩浆房的壁。圆筒状、带状岩管中的超镁铁岩合极高的Pt品位,在布什维尔德杂岩的下部切穿堆晶层,被认为是热液再活化的产物。它们现在未被开采,只是构成存封的铂族元素资源,对整个杂岩体资源没有重要的贡献。 | Tony Naldrett Judith Kinnaird Allan Wilson Gordon Chunnett | 2008 | 地学前缘2008，15，5： | 12 |
| 19 | 分权、治理与民主显示文摘分权治理是近年来西方学界研究较多的一个问题。这里发表美国学者艾伦·罗森博姆的文章 ,该文解释了分权、治理、民主三个概念及其互动关系 ,论述了分权较之集权所具有的优点以及分权可能带来的局限性。文章代表了西方一部分学者的观点 ,供读者参考。 | 艾伦.罗森博姆(Allan Rosenbaum) 王诞庆 高秦伟 | 2001 | 国家行政学院学报2001，，4： | 11 |
| 20 | Novel understanding of ABC transporters ABCB1/MDR/P-glycoprotein, ABCC2/MRP2, and ABCG2/BCRP in colorectal pathophysiology显示文摘AIM: To evaluate ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters in colonic pathophysiology as they had recently been related to colorectal cancer(CRC) development. METHODS: Literature search was conducted on Pub Med using combinations of the following terms: ABC transporters, ATP binding cassette transporter proteins, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative, colitis, Crohns disease, colorectal cancer, colitis, intestinal inflammation, intestinal carcinogenesis, ABCB1/P-glycoprotein(P-gp/CD243/MDR1), ABCC2/multidrug resistance protein 2(MRP2) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP), Abcb1/Mdr1 a, abcc2/Mrp2, abcg2/Bcrp, knock-out mice, tight junction, membrane lipid function. RESULTS: Recently, human studies reported thatchanges in the levels of ABC transporters were early events in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence leading to CRC. A link between ABCB1, high fat diet and gut microbes in relation to colitis was suggested by the animal studies. The finding that colitis was preceded by altered gut bacterial composition suggests that deletion of Abcb1 leads to fundamental changes of hostmicrobiota interaction. Also, high fat diet increases the frequency and severity of colitis in specific pathogenfree Abcb1 KO mice. The Abcb1 KO mice might thus serve as a model in which diet/environmental factors and microbes may be controlled and investigated in relation to intestinal inflammation. Potential molecular mechanisms include defective transport of inflammatory mediators and/or phospholipid translocation from one side to the other of the cell membrane lipid bilayer by ABC transporters affecting inflammatory response and/or function of tight junctions, phagocytosis and vesicle trafficking. Also, diet and microbes give rise to molecules which are potential substrates for the ABC transporters and which may additionally affect ABC transporter function through nuclear receptors and transcriptional regulation. Another critical role of ABCB1 was suggested by the finding that ABCB1 expression identifies a subpopulation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells which were resistant to treatment with glucocorticoids. The evidence for the involvement of ABCC2 and ABCG2 in colonic pathophysiology was weak. CONCLUSION: ABCB1, diet, and gut microbes mutually interact in colonic inflammation, a well-known risk factor for CRC. Further insight may be translated into preventive and treatment strategies. | Vibeke Andersen Katrine Svenningsen Lina Almind Knudsen Axel Kornerup Hansen Uffe Holmskov Allan Stensballe Ulla Vogel | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，41： | 10 |
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