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| 1 | 中耳炎显示文摘中耳炎是儿童的高发病。中耳炎的病因病理是多因素的,包含免疫反应、咽鼓管功能障碍、细菌和病毒的感染、遗传以及环境因素等。早期的观察适用于大多数中耳炎儿童;对于被确诊为急性中耳炎的两岁以内的患儿,建议使用抗生素。手术方法的选择取决于合并症、儿童的生长发育状况以及对自发性渗出液的预期估计。推荐的手术方法有鼓室置管术、腺样体刮除术等。然而,到目前还没有理想的治疗方法,需要探索新的、基于现代中耳炎的病因病理理论的有创意性的治疗方法。 | Rovers MM Schilder AG Zielhuis GA Rosenfeld RM 张江平 杨妙丽 张全安 | 2005 | 国外医学(耳鼻咽喉科学分册)2005，29，3： | 427 |
| 2 | BCLC策略:预后预测和治疗推荐2022版更新显示文摘2018版BCLC预后和治疗推荐策略发布后,肝细胞癌(简称HCC)的研究又取得了重大进展。本次更新基于肝癌各领域的研究进展结果。重点关注影响策略的重要研究进展。虽然近年的研究结果成绩斐然,但将其引入为临床医生和研究者提供行动依据的循证模型指南来说证据效力依然不够确切。本文对该问题进行分析,阐述了为HCC患者制定个体化治疗临床决策所需的批判性思维和专业知识。 | Reig M Forner A Rimola J Ferrer-Fabrega J Burrel M Garcia-Criado A Kelley RK Galle PR Mazzaferro V Salem R Sangro B Singal AG Vogel A Fuster J Ayuso C Bruix J 刘永凡(摘译) 崔笑(摘译) 耿小平(审校) | 2022 | 肝胆外科杂志2022，30，5： | 80 |
| 3 | CBCT的基本原理及在口腔各科的应用进展显示文摘目的锥形束CT(cone beam computer tomography,CBCT)应用于口腔科进行三维立体成像,具有广泛的临床应用前景。本文主要综述CBCT成像的基本原理,以及在口腔种植科、正畸科、颌面外科和内科等口腔临床科室应用的最新进展。 | 鞠昊 朱红华 段涛 李志民 孙宏晨 Farman AG Scarfe WC | 2015 | 医学影像学杂志2015，25，5： | 37 |
| 4 | 脉冲电场治疗黑色素瘤可破坏肿瘤血供,导致肿瘤完全消退显示文摘A new pulsed electric field therapy for melanoma disrupts the tumor's blood supply and causes complete remission without recurrence. Nuccitelli R, Chen X, Pakhomov AG, et al. Int J Cancer, 2009, 125(2):438-445. | Nuccitelli R Chen X Pakhomov AG | 2009 | 中国口腔颌面外科杂志2009，7，4： | 32 |
| 5 | 直肠癌放化疗后观察等待与手术治疗的配对队列研究显示文摘目的近年对于直肠癌放化疗后临床完全缓解的患者出现了新的治疗模式。这类患者在新辅助治疗后不进行手术治疗而进行观察-等待(watch-and-wait)的随诊观察。本研究旨在通过对比放化疗后临床完全缓解的患者接受手术治疗和观察-等待方式两者的肿瘤学转归,研究观察-等待随诊方式的安全性。方法 On Co Re(直肠癌完全缓解病例肿瘤学转归)研究是在英国曼切斯特一所三级癌中心进行的配对队列研究。自2011年1月到2013年4月,收集所有年龄段、无远处转移且接受了术前化放疗(45Gy,25天,同期氟尿嘧啶化疗)的直肠腺癌病例。达到临床完全缓解的患者,进入观察-等待方式,而未获临床完全缓解的患者,在条件允许下接受手术治疗。本研究通过注册登记,同时纳入自2005年3月10日至2015年1月21日来自相邻区域的3所英国癌中心临床完全缓解而接受单纯等待-观察方式的直肠癌患者。研究采用采用1∶1配比队列,使用倾向得分匹配分析法(包括T分期、年龄和体力状态),比较患者接受单纯观察等待与手术切除的治疗转归。主要观察终点为自化放疗开始后无疾病进展生存,次要终点为总体生存以及结肠造口术后无瘤生存。本研究以更保守的P〈0.01视为差异具有统计学意义。结果共有259例患者来自曼彻斯特癌中心,228例接受手术治疗,而31例临床完全缓解患者单纯进行观察-等待。此外通过注册登记的98例患者也进入观察-等待组。观察-等待组共129位患者[中位随访33个月(IQR 19~43个月)],44例(34%)局部复发。41例无转移的局部复发患者中36例(88%)接受了补救性手术。配对分析显示(各109例),观察-等待组和手术组的3年无疾病进展生存无统计学差异[88%(95%CI 75~94)vs.78%(63~87),P=0.043]。同时3年总体生存也没有显著性差异(96%vs.87%,P=0.024)。观察-等待组的结肠造口率明显低于手术组,其3年结肠造口术后无瘤生存率为74%(95%CI 64~82),而手术组为47%(P〈0.0001)。风险比0.445(95%CI 0.31~0.63,P〈0.0001),观察-等待组较手术组的3年终生造口风险降低26%(95%CI 13~39)。结论本研究显示,确实存在一定比例的直肠癌患者可以通过观察-等待方式避免手术,免除终生造口,同时获得3年良好的肿瘤安全性。这结果提示,应从一开始就认真考虑直肠癌患者化放疗策略,观察-等待治疗作为标准治疗方式看来是可行的。研究者认为如果患者在化放疗开始后,少于14周内取得早期临床完全缓解,或者大于24周取得临床完全缓解,其复发的机会较少。此外,广泛使用45 Gy的放疗的患者的临床完全缓解率为10%~15%,更高剂量的放化疗能够将其提高到大于50%。如此高的临床完全缓解率如果能够在可接受的毒副作用范围内反复出现,那么以上两种策略就可以实现长期、持续的临床完全缓解。然而,这一观察结果还需要临床研究验证。 | Renehan AG Malcomson L Emsley R 张信华 | 2016 | 消化肿瘤杂志(电子版)2016，8，1： | 27 |
| 6 | Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea显示文摘瞄准:估计酵母属 boulardii 的功效和安全(S。boulardii ) 在在减少腹泻的事件的频率在的尖锐水的腹泻和它的角色随后二个月。方法:从 2 瞬间的孩子到 12 岁,在 S 根据包括标准和随机的 ised 与尖锐腹泻被选择。boulardii 组(与 ORS,营养的支持和 S 一起对待。boulardii, 250 mg 出价) 并且在控制组(仅仅与 ORS 和营养的支持一起对待) 。直接疗法阶段是 5 d,每个孩子以后被跟随二个月。象药的安全一样的凳子的频率和一致性在每访问上被估计。二个组的比较以痢疾的事件的数字被做在随后二个月。结果:在每个组有五十个病人。象吝啬的年龄和凳子的平均频率那样的基线特征在 S 是可比较的。boulardii 和控制在试用在包括的时候组织。由 d 3 它分别地并且由 d 每 d 归结为 2.7 和 4.2 张凳子 6 它归结为 1.6 (S。boulardii 组) 并且 3.3 (控制组) 。腹泻的持续时间是在 S 的 3.6 d。而它是在控制组的 4.8 d, boulardii 组织(P = 0.001 ) 。在下列二个月内, S。有的 boulardii 组一显著地, 0.54 个事件的低频率作为与在控制的 1.08 个事件相比组织。这药很好被接受并且容忍。在治疗时期期间没有副作用的报告。结论:S。boulardii 显著地减少尖锐腹泻的频率和持续时间。凳子的一致性也改善。这药是容忍得好的。 | AG Billoo MA Memon SA Khaskheli G Murtaza Khalid Iqbal M Saeed Shekhani Ahson Q Siddiqi | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，28： | 22 |
| 7 | 慢性鼻-鼻窦炎临床诊治进展显示文摘慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)是耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科的常见病,随着科学技术的发展和基础研究的突破,新的检查方法、治疗手段、药物等逐渐应用于临床,使CRS的临床诊治水平不断提高,国内外学者已不断更新其诊治指南。本文对诊断分类、影像学检查、特殊检查、药物治疗、手术治疗等方面的新进展进行分析总结,以更好地指导CRS临床诊治。 | 陈丹 陈璐 Beule AG Hosemann W 杨玉成 | 2015 | 重庆医学2015，44，23： | 22 |
| 8 | Evaluation of quantitative contrast harmonic imaging to assess malignancy of liver tumors:A prospective controlled two-center study显示文摘AIM: To establish the extent to which contrast enhancement with SonoVue in combination with quantitative evaluation of contrast-medium dynamics facilitates the detection of hepatic tumors. METHODS: One hundred patients with histologically confirmed malignant or benign hepatic tumor (maximum size 5 cm) were analyzed. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (bolus injection 2.5 mL SonoVue) was carried out with intermittent breath-holding technique using a multifrequency transducer (2.5-4 MHz). Native vascularization was analyzed with power Doppler. The contrast-enhanced dynamic ultrasound investigation was carried out with contrast harmonic imaging in true detection mode during the arterial,portal venous and late phases. Mechanical index was set at 0.15. Perfusion analysis was performed by post-processing of the raw data time intensity curve (TIC) analysis. The cut-off of the gray value differences between tumor and normal liver tissue was established using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis 64-line multi-slice computed tomography served as reference method in all cases. Magnetic resonance tomography was used additionally in 19 cases. RESULTS: One hundred patients with 59 malignant (43 colon,5 breast,2 endocrine metastases,7 hepatocellular carcinomas and 2 kidney cancers) and 41 benign (15 hemangiomas,7 focal nodular hyperplasias,5 complicated cysts,2 abscesses and 12 circumscribed fatty changes) tumors were included. The late venous phase proved to be the most sensitive for classification of the tumor type. Fifty-eight of the 59 malignant tumors were classified as true positive,and one as false negative. This resulted in a sensitivity of 98.3%. Of the 41 benign tumors,37 were classified as true negative and 4 as false negative,which corresponds to a specificity of 90.2%. Altogether,95.0% of the diagnoses were classified as correct on the basis of the histological classification. No investigator-dependency (P = 0.23) was noted. CONCLUSION: The results show the possibility of accurate prediction of malignancy of hepatic tumors with a positive prognostic value of 93.5% using advanced contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Contrast enhancement with SonoVue in combination with quantitative evaluation of contrast-medium dynamics is a valuable tool to discriminate hepatic tumors. | EM Jung DA Clevert AG Schreyer S Schmitt J Rennert R Kubale S Feuerbach F Jung | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，47： | 15 |
| 9 | Computed tomography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy in pancreatic tumor diagnosis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the techniques, results, and complications related to computed tomography(CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies of solid pancreatic lesions.METHODS: CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of solid pancreatic lesions performed at a cancer reference center between January 2012 and September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Biopsy material was collected with a 16-20 G Tru-Core needle(10-15 cm; Angiotech, Vancouver, CA) using a coaxial system and automatic biopsy gun. When direct access to the lesion was not possible, indirect(transgastric or transhepatic) access or hydrodissection and/or pneumodissection maneuvers were used. Characteristics of the patients, lesions, procedures, and histologic results were recorded using a standardized form. RESULTS: A total of 103 procedures included in the study were performed on patients with a mean age of 64.8 year(range: 39-94 year). The mean size of the pancreatic lesions was 45.5 mm(range: 15-195 mm). Most(75/103, 72.8%) procedures were performed via direct access, though hydrodissection and/or pneumodissection were used in 22.2%(23/103) of cases and indirect transhepatic or transgastric access was used in 4.8%(5/103) of cases. Histologic analysis was performed on all biopsies, and diagnoses were conclusive in 98.1%(101/103) of cases, confirming3.9%(4/103) of tumors were benign and 94.2%(97/103) were malignant; results were atypical in 1.9%(2/103) of cases, requiring a repeat biopsy to diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor, and surgical resection to confirm a primary adenocarcinoma. Only mild/moderate complications were observed in 9/103 patients(8.7%),and they were more commonly associated with biopsies of lesions located in the head/uncinate process(n =8), than of those located in the body/tail(n = 1) of the pancreas, but this difference was not significant.CONCLUSION: CT-guided biopsy of a pancreatic lesion is a safe procedure with a high success rate, and is an excellent option for minimally invasive diagnosis. | Chiang J Tyng Maria Fernanda A Almeida Paula NV Barbosa Almir GV Bitencourt José Augusto AG Berg Macello S Maciel Felipe JF Coimbra Luiz Henrique O Schiavon Maria Dirlei Begnami Marcos D Guimares Charles E Zurstrassen Rubens Chojniak | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，12： | 14 |
| 10 | Measurement and significance of sperm morphology显示文摘测量或评估和人的精子形态学的临床的意义总是是潜在的并且仍然是为男性的富饶的决心的精液分析的一个争论方面。在这评论,为精子形态学的评估标准的发展的背景将被讨论。严格的标准定义和为精子形态学评估的标准的使用上的批评的方面将在正常精子形态学价值为衰落象可能的原因一样被讨论并且我们怎么能为导致是的低正常参考价值的这现象妥协,出版了在 2010 用手为考试并且人的精液处理。可能的答案之一可以是把更多的注意给一小部分反常精子形态学范畴和精子形态学模式的包括。它在这评论被结束如果正确地并且小心并且用构画出在的存在指南的严格的申请做 2010 用手,精子形态学测量仍然有一个很重要的角色在男富饶潜力的临床的评估玩。 | Roelof Menkveld Cas AG Holleboom Johann PT Rhemrev | 2011 | Asian Journal of Andrology2011，13，1： | 11 |
| 11 | Characteristics of common solid liver lesions and recommendations for diagnostic workup显示文摘Due to the widespread clinical use of imaging modalities such as ultrasonography,computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),previously unsuspected liver masses are increasingly being found in asymptomatic patients.This review discusses the various characteristics of the most common solid liver lesions and recommends a practical approach for diagnostic workup.Likely diagnoses include hepatocellular carcinoma (the most likely;a solid liver lesion in a cirrhotic liver) and hemangioma (generally presenting as a mass in a non-cirrhotic liver).Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma should be ruled out in young women.In 70% of cases,MRI with gadolinium differentiates between these lesions.Fine needle core biopsy or aspiration,or both,might be required in doubtful cases.If uncertainty persists as to the nature of the lesion,surgical resection is recommended.If the patient is known to have a primary malignancy and the lesion was found at tumor staging or follow up,histology is required only when the nature of the liver lesion is doubtful. | Nimer Assy Gattas Nasser Agness Djibre Zaza Beniashvili Saad Elias Jamal Zidan | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，26： | 9 |
| 12 | 肥胖和动脉老化:Whitehall Ⅱ队列主动脉僵硬度纵向研究显示文摘该研究旨在确定肥胖症是否中年后动脉硬化加速的独立预测因子。纳入Whitehall Ⅱ研究受试者男性3789例,女性1383例,平均年龄66岁,均接受颈-股动脉压检测,4年后再次进行测定。一般肥胖状况由体质量指数,中心肥胖由腰围和腰臀比,脂肪含量百分比由身体阻抗来评估。通过线性混合模型,对年龄、性别、种族和平均动脉压进行调整后,所有肥胖症测量指标与主动脉硬化[通过随访的脉搏波传导速度(pulse wave velocity,PWV)较基线增加值来确定]相关。 | 刘莉 叶鹏 Brunner EJ Shipley MJ Ahmadi-Abhari S Tabak AG McEniery CM Wilkinson IB Marmot MG Singh-Manoux A Kivimaki M | 2015 | 中华高血压杂志2015，23，6： | 8 |
| 13 | 对亚特兰大地铁系统的气体动力与热动力的详述显示文摘 | Bend.,AG 高世辅 | 1990 | 隧道译丛1990，，11： | 8 |
| 14 | Lower baseline ALT cut-off values and HBV DNA levels better differentiate HBeAg(-) chronic hepatitis B patients from inactive chronic carriers显示文摘AIM:To determine whether new cut-off values for alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and baseline hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA levels better differentiate HBeAg(-) chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients from inactive chronic carriers. METHODS:Ninety-one patients[32 HBeAg(+)CHB, 19 inactive carriers and 40 HBeAg(-)CHB]were followed up for 2 years and were tested for HBV DNA levels by a PCR-based assay.ALT was tested twice during the last 6 mo using new cut-off values:ULN(upper limit of normal)30 IU/L for males,19 IU/L for females. Diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values were calculated by discriminant analysis. RESULTS:When using the revised ALT cut-off values, the lowest optimal HBV DNA level that differentiated HBeAg(-)CHB patients from inactive carriers was 50000 copies/mL.The diagnostic accuracy of HBV DNA to determine inactive carriers with a cut-off of 50000 copies/mL was similar to the previously recommended cut-off of 100 000 copies/mL(91%).HBV DNA levels were lower than the cut-off value in 95%of inactive carriers and in 28%of HBeAg(-)CHB patients.With ALT<30 IU/L in men and<19 IU/L in women and HBV DNA levels<100 000 copies/mL,the risk of CHB is 5%.On the other hand,if ALT values were>30 IU in men and>19 IU in women and baseline HBV DNA levels were>100000 copies/mL,the risk is 86%. CONCLUSION:New cut-off values for ALT together with HBV DNA levels proposed by AASLD(American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases)and NIH (National Institute of Health)consensus seem appropriate to characterize inactive carriers. | Nimer Assy Zaza Beniashvili Agness Djibre Gattas Nasser Maria Grosovski William Nseir | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，24： | 7 |
| 15 | 粉尘二次飞扬,气流分布与电除尘器性能显示文摘 | Hein,AG 厚永涛 | 1991 | 电力情报1991，，1： | 6 |
| 16 | 咽鼓管功能障碍定义、类型、临床表现及诊断的共识声明显示文摘1引言 英国NIHR卫生技术评估(HTA)计划发表的咽鼓管功能障碍治疗的系统回顾性研究指出,目前缺乏咽鼓管功能障碍统一的定义和诊断标准,推进这一领域研究进展的关键是针对咽鼓管功能障碍的诊断标准和重要临床结果达成共识。因此,2014年06月21日在荷兰阿姆斯特丹召开了由咽鼓管功能障碍领域的医学专家和科学家们参加的研讨会,旨在针对咽鼓管功能障碍的定义、临床表现、诊断及未来研究领域等方面达成共识。本文针对本次会议讨论结果总结如下。 | Schilder AG Bhutta MF Butler CC Holy C Levine LH Kvaerner KJ Norman G Pennings RJ Poe D Silvola JT Sudhoff H Lund VJ 翻曲腾飞 龚树生 | 2015 | 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学)2015，30，6： | 5 |
| 17 | 鸡传染性支气管炎病毒趋肠性毒株的研究进展显示文摘 | Amba.,AG 黄银君 | 1993 | 国外兽医学(畜禽传染病)1993，13，2： | 4 |
| 18 | 物理气相沉积(PVD)制备氧化铝涂层显示文摘 | Veith Schier Walter AG | 2006 | 工具技术2006，40，1： | 4 |
| 19 | 丹那唑对体外培养的原位与异位子宫内膜细胞生长的影响显示文摘应用胶原凝胶细胞培养和传代培养的方法培养原位与异位子宫内膜细胞,并经丹那唑处理。在无丹那唑对照培养中,细胞生长良好,形态呈星形,以胞浆突起相互连接。而经两种浓度丹那唑处理后,细胞生长受抑,传代后24h细胞贴壁力受损,部分细胞呈致死性病理改变。丹那唑作用的超微结构变化包括胞浆内大量空泡与脂滴,溶酶体增多,线粒体肿胀与细胞核不规则,核膜内陷。提示胶原凝胶培养系统为较佳的培养子宫内膜细胞的方法,丹那唑可直接作用于人类原位与异位子宫内膜。 | 谢幸 Stev.,AG | 1994 | 中华病理学杂志1994，23，3： | 4 |
| 20 | Tumor-stroma ratio as prognostic factor for survival in rectal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study显示文摘AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of the tumor-stroma ratio(TSR) in rectal cancer.METHODS TSR was determined on hematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections of 154 patients treated for rectal adenocarcinoma without prior neoadjuvant treatment in the period 1996-2006 by two observers to assessreproducibility. Patients were categorized into three categories: TSR-high [carcinoma percentage(CP) ≥ 70%], TSR-intermediate(CP 40%, 50% and 60%) and TSR-low(CP ≤ 30%). The relation between categorized TSR and survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS Thirty-six(23.4%) patients were scored as TSR-low, 70(45.4%) as TSR-intermediate and 48(31.2%) as TSRhigh. TSR had a good interobserver agreement(κ = 0.724, concordance 82.5%). Overall survival(OS) and disease free survival(DFS) were significantly better for patients with a high TSR(P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). A similar association existed for disease specific survival(P = 0.06). In multivariate analysis, patients without lymph node metastasis and an intermediate TSR had a higher risk of dying from rectal cancer(HR = 5.27, 95%CI: 1.54-18.10), compared to lymph node metastasis negative patients with a high TSR. This group also had a worse DFS(HR = 6.41, 95%CI: 1.84-22.28). An identical association was seen for OS. These relations were not seen in lymph node metastasis positive patients. CONCLUSION The TSR has potential as a prognostic factor for survival in surgically treated rectal cancer patients, especially in lymph node negative cases. | René Scheer Alexi Baidoshvili Shorena Zoidze Marloes AG Elferink Annefleur EM Berkel Joost M Klaase Paul J van Diest | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2017，9，12： | 3 |
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