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| 1 | 亚洲地区肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体在成人社区获得性肺炎中的流行病学研究显示文摘目的由Malaya大学医学中心牵头进行的非典型病原在亚洲社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者中的流行病学研究。结果显示,肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体分别占成人病原的11.4%和5.8%。本研究将对这2种病原所致感染的临床和实验室资料进一步总结分析。方法亚洲7个国家12个研究中心采用统一的检测方法(DNA检测及血清学方法)和判断标准,对16岁以上的CAP患者进行肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体的检测。结果在急性肺部感染者中,肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体肺炎的临床表现与其他病原所致者非常相似,并无特征性。肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体在男性和女性中检出率相仿,但肺炎支原体感染在16至44岁患者中更为多见(22.2%),而肺炎衣原体感染者重症患者相对较多。88例在病程中血清抗体显著增高的肺炎支原体感染者中,48例(54.5%)患者急性期抗体阴性,如果未检测恢复期血清抗体,上述患者则会漏诊;51例肺炎衣原体感染者中急性期血清抗体阴性则较为少见(21.6%)。肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体既往感染和(或)病原携带率分别为5.7%和7.9%。结论肺炎支原体肺炎和肺炎衣原体肺炎发病率高,诊断困难,因此在亚洲成人CAP抗感染经验治疗时宜选用对这2种病原亦有效的药物。 | 黄海辉 张婴元 汪复 Mediadora SANIEL Marissa ALEJANDRIA Seung-Chul PARK 刘又宁 Po-Ren HSUEH Ahmad M. AZIAH Wing-Hong SETO Cecilia C. L. NGAN Mangunnegoro HADIARTO Subharee SUWANJUTHA Yun-Fong NGEOW Alsagaff HOOD | 2008 | 中国感染与化疗杂志2008，8，2： | 67 |
| 2 | Modeling and Backstepping-based Nonlinear Control Strategy for a 6 DOF Quadrotor Helicopter显示文摘In this article,a nonlinear model of an underactuated six degrees of freedom (6 DOF) quadrotor helicopter is derived on the basis of the Newton-Euler formalism. The derivation comprises determining equations of the motion of the quadrotor in three dimensions and approximating the actuation forces through the modeling of aerodynamic coefficients and electric motor dynamics. The derived model composed of translational and rotational subsystems is dynamically unstable,so a sequential nonlinear control strategy is used. The con-trol strategy includes feedback linearization coupled with a PD controller for the translational subsystem and a backstepping-based PID nonlinear controller for the rotational subsystem of the quadrotor. The performances of the nonlinear control method are evaluated by nonlinear simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the quadrotor helicopter in quasi-stationary flights. | Ashfaq Ahmad Mian | 2008 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2008，21，3： | 54 |
| 3 | 北方旱区保护性耕作对农田土壤水分的影响显示文摘土壤水分是中国北方旱区农业生产的主要限制因子,研究保护性耕作技术体系下土壤水分的动态变化,明确不同耕作模式下的水分平衡规律,对于选择适宜的保护性耕作技术,提高北方旱区土壤水分的利用效率具有重要的指导意义。该文在2a田间试验的基础上采用DSSAT模型对4个不同保护性耕作处理的土壤体积含水量、水分平衡以及水分利用效率进行了模拟和检验。结果表明干旱年份保护性耕作处理土壤体积含水量较传统耕作高,RMSE误差在0.025~0.063;干旱年份传统耕作土壤储水量减少最多,为144.6mm,降水较多年份减少也最多,为46.1mm;干旱年份水分利用效率1.52~1.78kg/m3,免耕覆盖水分利用效率最高,降水较多年份水分利用效率1.70~1.71kg/m3,各处理间差异并不显著。研究结果为保护性耕作技术对农田土壤水分的影响研究提供了理论依据。 | 杜建涛 何文清 Vinay Nangia 严昌荣 Mobin Ahmad 刘爽 刘勤 | 2008 | 农业工程学报2008，24，11： | 50 |
| 4 | 种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆光合、产量及茎秆抗倒的影响显示文摘【目的】阐明玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆植株冠层在不同种植密度下的光环境变化规律,明确种植密度对间作大豆叶片光合特性、产量形成及茎秆抗倒的影响,为构建寡日照地区间作大豆合理群体密度提供理论参考。【方法】本研究以大豆(川豆-16)和玉米(正红-505)为试验材料。采用双因素随机区组设计,主因素为种植方式,设玉米-大豆带状间作和大豆带状单作2个水平,副因素为大豆的3个种植密度(PD1=17株/m^(2),PD2=20株/m^(2),PD3=25株/m^(2)),研究种植密度对间作大豆冠层内部光环境变化、叶片光合特性、植株生长动态、田间倒伏率及产量构成等的影响。【结果】2年结果表明,在玉米-大豆带状间作系统中,大豆生长中后期受高位作物玉米遮荫和自荫性增加的影响,其植株群体冠层内部的光合有效辐射(PAR)、叶面积指数(LAI)、叶片光合能力、分枝数及产量显著降低,但受玉米影响的程度因大豆种植密度的不同而不同。在间作模式下,PD1和PD2处理的大豆植株群体冠层光合有效辐射比PD3处理分别增加了45.4%和24.8%,净光合速率分别增加了46.1%和12.3%,单株有效荚数分别增加了53.2%和27.2%,单株分枝数分别增加了270.4%和140.9%,田间倒伏率分别降低了50.3%和19.3%。相关性分析发现,间作大豆的田间倒伏率与冠层内部光合有效辐射、叶片净光合速率、茎秆抗折力、茎叶干物质比、单株分枝数及单株有效荚数呈显著负相关,与株高、叶面积指数和单株无效荚数呈显著正相关。【结论】在玉米-大豆带状间作模式下,20株/m^(2)的大豆密度(PD2)有利于创造良好的群体冠层内部光环境,降低植株田间大豆倒伏率,增加光合产物积累,从而提高大豆产量。 | 程彬 刘卫国 王莉 许梅 覃思思 卢俊吉 高阳 李淑贤 Ali RAZA 张熠 Irshan AHMAD 敬树忠 刘然金 杨文钰 | 2021 | 中国农业科学2021，54，19： | 42 |
| 5 | Harris评分和X线在评价全髋关节置换术后疗效中的作用显示文摘目的探讨Harris评分和X线表现在评价全髋关节置换术(THA)后患者疗效中的相关性。方法从本组行THA手术的患者中随机抽取74例进行随访,进行Harris评分和X线片评估,比较两种方法在评价临床疗效中的差异。结果在33例Harris评分>90分的患者中,27例X线评价良好,6例X线评价差。16例Harris评分80~90分的患者中,10例X线评价优良而6例差;13例Harris评分70~79分的患者中,X线评价优6例,差7例;12例Harris评分<70分的患者中,其中X线评价4例优,8例差。在X线评价优与差的不同等级间,患者的功能评分间的差异有统计学意义(X12=11.19,P<0.05)。Pearson列联系数r=0.388,P<0.05,显示两评价方式间具有一定的关联性。结论X线评价结果与Harris评分之间具有显著正相关关系,但相关密切度一般(r<0.5)。单纯用Harris评分并不能够全面评估关节的真实状况,同时采用X线片和Harris评分来综合评估显得更为客观、全面。 | Jeihad Ahmad Mansour 丁悦 许杰 马若凡 黄健斌 刘尚礼 | 2009 | 中华关节外科杂志(电子版)2009，3，5： | 36 |
| 6 | Thymoma: current diagnosis and treatment显示文摘 | Frank C. Detterbeck Ahmad Zeeshan | 2013 | Chinese Medical Journal2013，，11： | 39 |
| 7 | 秸秆覆盖对套作玉米苗期根系发育与生理特征的影响显示文摘在西南地区'小麦/玉米/甘薯'三熟制套作模式下,以当地传统耕作为对照(T),秸秆覆盖(TS)、秸秆覆盖+腐熟剂(TSD)作为两种处理,连续两年田间试验研究了不同秸秆覆盖处理对育苗移栽玉米苗期的根系形态与生理特征的影响以及作用机理。研究结果表明:秸秆覆盖处理与对照相比增加了玉米苗期的根长、根表面积,显著增加了直径1.0~2.5mm范围内的根长,且秸秆覆盖+腐熟剂处理与秸秆覆盖处理间差异不大。2008年,与对照处理相比,秸秆覆盖、秸秆覆盖+腐熟剂处理苗期玉米根系活力分别提高19.12%、27.46%,根冠比分别提高36.72%、37.50%,根系生物量分别提高62.53%、69.42%;2009年,上述指标与对照处理相比分别提高17.86%、25.83%,31.54%、33.08%,65.69%、77.37%。同时秸秆覆盖处理有利于改善土壤水分与养分供应状况。可见,秸秆覆盖保护性耕作措施可通过改变农田环境促进套作玉米苗期根系发育,配合腐熟剂效果更佳。 | 邹聪明 王国鑫 胡小东 张云兰 薛兰兰 Shakeel Ahmad Anjum 王龙昌 | 2010 | 中国生态农业学报2010，18，3： | 32 |
| 8 | 高原土著动物适应性进化的研究进展显示文摘青藏高原是世界上海拔最高、面积最大、地形最为复杂的地理单元,其独特的地形地貌造就了极端的环境气候特征--高寒、低氧、强紫外线辐射等。历经数百万年,高原土著动物在长期的适应性进化过程中形成了独特的低氧适应策略。经过长期的自然选择和进化,高原土著动物不仅在生理、生化、形态学及行为上获得稳定的高原低氧适应能力,并在细胞和分子水平形成了一系列独特的调节机制。近一个世纪以来,高原动物适应性进化的研究主要集中在生理形态方面,近期随着基因组数据的不断更新,利用分子技术探索高原动物适应性进化已成为研究热点,但全面解析高原动物为何能够良好的适应高原极端环境的分子机制亟待进一步研究。因此,今后的研究可结合已报道的相关表型和基因型数据,全面、系统地解析高原动物适应性进化的分子机制和遗传原理,为培育耐低温、低氧及强紫外辐射的动物新品种提供理论和技术依据,也为临床预防和治疗高原性疾病提供新思路。为此,本文以青藏高原特有的低氧、低温和强紫外辐射为线索,并结合相关微生物的研究成果,综述了近几十年关于高原土著动物适应性进化的研究进展。 | 张剑搏 丁学智 Anum Ali Ahmad 李晨 梁泽毅 杜梅 阎萍 | 2019 | 畜牧兽医学报2019，50，9： | 29 |
| 9 | Hepatitis B virus,HBx mutants and their role in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of death induced by cancer in the modern world and majority of the cases are related to chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.HBV-encoded X protein(HBx)is known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of viral induced HCC.HBx is a multifunctional protein of17 kDa which modulates several cellular processes by direct or indirect interaction with a repertoire of host factors resulting in HCC.HBX might interfere with several cellular processes such as oxidative stress,DNA repair,signal transduction,transcription,protein degradation,cell cycle progression and apoptosis.A number of reports have indicated that HBx is one of the most common viral ORFs that is often integrated into the host genome and its sequence variants play a crucial role in HCC.By mutational or deletion analysis it was shown that carboxy terminal of HBx has a likely role in protein-protein interactions,transcriptional transactivation,DNA repair,cell,signaling and pathogenesis of HCC.The accumulated evidence thus far suggests that it is difficult to understand the mechanistic nature of HBx associated HCC,and HBx mediated transcriptional transactivation and signaling pathways may be a major determinant.This article addresses the role of HBx in the development of HCC with particular emphasis on HBx mutants and their putative targets. | Ashraf Ali Hany Abdel-Hafiz Mohd Suhail Amany Al-Mars Mohammad Khalid Zakaria Kaneez Fatima Sultan Ahmad Esam Azhar Adeel Chaudhary Ishtiaq Qadri | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，30： | 29 |
| 10 | Effect of Niobium on Microstructure of Cast AISI H13 Hot Work Tool Steel显示文摘The effect of niobium addition on the microstructure of cast AISI H13 hot work tool steel was evaluated by using EDX analyzer attached to the scanning electron microscope. The volume percent of eutectic area and eutectic cell size and also volume percent of different carbides of new steel, which is heat treated under different conditions, are also determined. The results show that the a niobium addition modifies the cast structure of Nb-alloyed hot work tool steel, and reduces the size and volume of eutectic cells,and increases the maximum hardness of the steel. | Shahram Kheirandish Ahmad Noorian | 2008 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2008，15，4： | 28 |
| 11 | Nano-microbubble flotation of fine and ultrafine chalcopyrite particles显示文摘As is well known to mineral processing scientists and engineers, fine and ultrafine particles are difficult to float mainly due to the low bubble-particle collision efficiencies. Though many efforts have been made to improve flotation performance of fine and ultrafine particles, there is still much more to be done. In this paper, the effects of nano-microbubbles(nanobubbles and microbubbles) on the flotation of fine( 38 + 14.36 lm) and ultrafine( 14.36 + 5 lm) chalcopyrite particles were investigated in a laboratory scale Denver flotation cell. Nano-microbubbles were generated using a specially-designed nanomicrobubble generator based on the cavitation phenomenon in Venturi tubes. In order to better understand the mechanisms of nano-microbubble enhanced froth flotation of fine and ultrafine chalcopyrite particles, the nano-microbubble size distribution, stability and the effect of frother concentration on nanobubble size were also studied by a laser diffraction method. Comparative flotation tests were performed in the presence and absence of nano-microbubbles to evaluate their impact on the fine and ultrafine chalcopyrite particle flotation recovery. According to the results, the mean size of nano-microbubbles increased over time, and decreased with increase of frother concentration. The laboratory-scale flotation test results indicated that flotation recovery of chalcopyrite fine and ultrafine particles increased by approximately 16–21% in the presence of nano-microbubbles, depending on operating conditions of the process. The presence of nano-microbubbles increased the recovery of ultrafine particles( 14.36 + 5 lm) more than that of fine particles( 38 + 14.36 lm). Another major advantage is that the use of nano-microbubbles reduced the collector and frother consumptions by up to 75% and 50%,respectively. | Ahmadi Rahman Khodadadi Darban Ahmad Abdollahy Mahmoud Fan Maoming | 2014 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2014，24，4： | 28 |
| 12 | Crosstalk of liver immune cells and cell death mechanisms in different murine models of liver injury and its clinical relevance显示文摘BACKGROUND: Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic interventions.DATA SOURCES: The data of mouse hepatic models and relevant human liver diseases presented in this review are systematically collected from Pub Med, Science Direct and the Web of Science databases published in English. RESULTS: The hepatotoxic liver injury in mice induced by the metabolites of CCl4, acetaminophen or alcohol represent necrotic cell death with activation of cytochrome pathway, formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and mitochondrial damage. The Fas or TNF-α induced apoptotic liver injury was dependent on activation of caspases, release of cytochrome c and apoptosome formation. The Con A-hepatitis demonstrated the involvement of TRAIL-dependent necrotic/necroptotic cell death with activation of RIPK1/3. The α-Gal Cer-induced liver injury was mediated by TNF-α. The LPS-induced hepatitis involved TNF-α, Fas/Fas L, and perforin/granzyme cell death pathways. The MHV3 or Poly(I:C) induced liver injury was mediated by natural killer cells and TNF-α signaling. The necrotic ischemia-reperfusion liver injury was mediated byhypoxia, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, necroptotic cell death was found in partial hepatectomy. The crucial role of immune cells and cell death mediators in viral hepatitis(HBV, HCV), drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease in human were discussed.CONCLUSIONS: The mouse animal models of hepatitis provide a parallel approach for the study of human liver pathology. Blocking or stimulating the pathways associated with liver cell death could unveil the novel therapeutic strategies in the management of liver diseases. | Hilal Ahmad Khan Muhammad Zishan Ahmad Junaid Ali Khan Muhammad Imran Arshad | 2017 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2017，16，3： | 24 |
| 13 | 不同硒源及水平对肉鸡组织硒含量及抗氧化功能的影响显示文摘本文旨在研究和比较不同硒源及水平对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡生长性能、组织硒含量和抗氧化功能的影响,并探讨在生产中应用较低水平(0.20 mg/kg)有机硒替代较高水平(0.30 mg/kg)无机硒的可行性。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)及在基础饲粮中添加0.30 mg/kg硒(以亚硒酸钠形式)(SS组)、0.20 mg/kg硒(以酵母硒形式)(SYⅠ组)、0.30 mg/kg硒(以酵母硒形式)(SYⅡ组)和0.30 mg/kg混合硒(亚硒酸钠和酵母硒形式硒各0.15 mg/kg)(MS组)的试验饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)SYⅡ组肉鸡前期平均日采食量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),饲粮添加各水平有机硒均显著降低了肉鸡全期平均日采食量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)与对照组和SS组相比,添加各水平有机硒均显著提高了肉鸡胸肌中的硒含量(P<0.01),且以SYⅡ组最高,显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);SYⅠ组和SYⅡ组肉鸡血浆中的硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);添加各水平有机硒均显著提高了42 d肉鸡肝脏中的硒含量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)在试验前期(1~21 d),较SS组,SYⅡ组肉鸡血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的活性均显著提高(P<0.05);较对照组,SS组、SYⅠ组和SYⅡ组肉鸡肝脏T-SOD的活性均显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在试验后期(22~42 d),较对照组,SS组、SYⅠ组和SYⅡ组肉鸡血浆和肝脏GSH-Px的活性均显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),各添加有机硒组肉鸡的血浆丙二醛含量均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与对照组相比,MS组肉鸡肝脏过氧化氢酶(P<0.05)和GSH-Px的活性均显著提高(P<0.01)。由此可知,饲粮添加0.30 mg/kg酵母硒能够提高肉鸡组织硒沉积量,对其生长性能和抗氧化功能的改善效果最佳;饲粮添加0.20 mg/kg的酵母硒替代0.30 mg/kg亚硒酸钠,在改善肉鸡的生长性能、提高组织硒含量和抗氧化功能方面是可行的。 | 田金可 Ahmad Hussain 李伟 高尚 王恬 | 2012 | 动物营养学报2012，24，6： | 23 |
| 14 | 电催化析氧反应过渡金属磷化物和硫化物催化剂研究进展(英文)显示文摘对化石能源的依赖所造成的环境污染和能源危机在全球引起了广泛的关注.氢能由于其高能量密度、低分子质量以及清洁无污染的优点,被认为是人类根本性解决能源与环境等全球性问题的理想替代能源.电解水是生产高纯度氢的重要方法,是现代清洁能源技术的重要组成部分.水电解由阴极析氢(HER)和阳极析氧(OER)两个半反应构成.对于HER反应,其反应是基于二电子转移过程,反应过程相对容易进行.相比于HER反应,OER反应涉及四电子转移及氧-氧键形成,其反应动力学缓慢,是影响水电解效率的主要原因.因此,为了提高电解水制氢的能量转化效率,发展OER电催化剂成为水电解制氢技术的关键.在过去的十余年间,硫化物、硒化物、磷化物、硼化物等非贵金属基OER电催化剂被大量地研究及报道并取得了长足发展.在这些催化剂中,金属磷化物和硫化物不仅具有成本优势,而且在析氧过电位、耐久性方面正趋接近甚至超越RuO_2和IrO_2等贵金属催化剂,颇具应用潜力.本文总结磷化物和硫化物作为OER电催化剂的研究进展,重点介绍了磷化物和硫化物性能提升策略及其在OER过程中催化反应活性位的变化.本文首先介绍了电解水析氧反应在不同电解质中的反应机理,讨论了析氧反应在动力学和热力学过程的主要障碍.通过对大量文献的归纳,本文分别综述了磷化物和硫化物的化学性质、合成方法和催化性能,介绍了近年来磷化物和硫化物的重要研究进展.通过分析催化剂导电性、质子传输、活性面积、界面化学等因素对催化析氧反应的影响,总结了磷化物和硫化物电催化OER性能提升的策略.由于磷化物和硫化物在OER强氧化条件下,电催化剂表面的成分、物相及结构均会发生显著变化,进而催化反应活性位也会发生相应改变.本文综述了磷化物和硫化物在OER反应过程前后表面组分的变化,探讨了磷化物和硫化物作为OER电催化剂的活性组分,为进一步提高磷化物和硫化物的电催化析氧反应性能提供了崭新的思路. | 彭立山 Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah 魏子栋 | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Catalysis2018，39，10： | 20 |
| 15 | Association of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels with semen and hormonal parameters显示文摘维生素 D 层次包括繁殖混乱被连接了到各种各样的健康结果。这研究的目的是探索在浆液维生素 D 水平(25-hydroxy-vitamin D,或 25OHD ) 和精液和神经质的参数之间的协会。这是包括了从一般人口为精子发生的学习招募的 170 个健康的人的代表性的研究。完成的将军和繁殖健康问询表,和捐赠的血和精液取样的人。主要措施是神经质的(全部、免费的睾丸激素,性荷尔蒙绑定血球素, estradiol ,刺激滤泡的荷尔蒙和 luteinizing 荷尔蒙)并且精液参数,调整( n=147 )好久,身体团索引( BMI ),季节,白酒吸入并且吸烟,在与维生素 D 层次的范畴的关系,决定了 priori 。学习人口的吝啬的年龄是 29.0 ± 8.5 年和吝啬的 BMI 是 24.3 ± 3.2 kg m −2 。吝啬的 25OHD 是 34.1 ± 15.06 ng ml −1 。BMI 与 25OHD 显示出一个否定协会。精子集中,进步活动性,精子形态学,和全部的日益增多地能动的精子数的精子在有 ‘ 的人是更低的; 25OHD ≥ 50 ng ml −1' 什么时候与有 ‘ 的人相比; 20 ng ml −1≤25OHD<50 ng ml −1' 。全部的精子计数和全部的进步能动精子计数在有 ‘ 的人是更低的; 25OHD < 20 ng ml −1' 什么时候与有 ‘ 的人相比; 20 ng ml −1≤25OHD<50 ng ml −1' 。各种各样的神经质的参数的调整工具没在 25OHD 的不同范畴显示出统计差别。在结论,在高度和底层的浆液维生素 D 层次能否定地与精液参数被联系。 | Ahmad O Hammoud A Wayne Meikle C Matthew Peterson Joseph Stanford Mark Gibson Douglas T Carrell | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，6： | 19 |
| 16 | Diagnostic dilemma of abdominal tuberculosis in non-HIV patients:An ongoing challenge for physicians显示文摘AIM: To assess the clinical features, yield of the diagnostic tests and outcome of abdominal tuberculosis in non-HIV patients. METHODS: Adult patients with discharge diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis (based upon; positive microbiology, histo-pathology, imaging or response to trial of anti TB drugs) during the period 1999 to 2004 were analyzed. Patient’s characteristics, laboratory investigations, radiological, endoscopic and surgical findings were evaluated. Abdominal site involved (intestinal, peritoneal, visceral, and nodal) and response to treatment was also noted. RESULTS: There were 209 patients enrolled. One hundred and twenty-three (59%) were females. Symptoms were abdominal pain 194 (93%), fever 134 (64%), night sweats 99 (48%), weight loss 98 (47%), vomiting 75 (36%), ascites 74 (35%), constipation 64 (31%), and diarrhea 25 (12%). Sub-acute and acute intestinal obstruction was seen in 28 (13%) and 12 (11%) respectively. Radiological evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 134 (64%) patients. Basis of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis were radiology (Chest and barium X-Rays, Ultrasound and CT scan abdomen) in 111 (53%) and histo-pathology (tissue obtained during surgery, colonoscopy, CT or ultrasound guided biopsy, laparoscopy and upper gastro intestinal endoscopy) in 87 (42%) patients. Mycobacterium culture was positive in 6/87 (7%) patients and response to therapeutic trial of anti tubercular drugs was the basis of diagnosis in 5 (2.3%) patients. Predominant site of involvement by abdominal TB was intestinal in 103 (49%) patients, peritoneal in 87 (42%) patients, solid viscera in 10 (5%) and nodal in 9 (4%) patients. Response to medical treatment was found in 158 (76%) patients andadditionally 35 (17%) patients also underwent surgery. In a 425 ± 120 d follow-up period 12 patients died (eight post operative) and no case of relapse was noted. CONCLUSION: Abdominal TB has diverse and non- specific symptomatology. No single test is adequate for diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis in all patients. Abdominal TB in non-HIV patients remains an ongoing diagnostic dilemma requiring a high index of clinical suspicion. | Rustam Khan Shahab Abid Wasim Jafri Zaigham Abbas Khalid Hameed Zubair Ahmad | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，39： | 17 |
| 17 | Assessment and management of low anterior resection syndrome after sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer显示文摘Many patients develop a variety of bowel dysfunction after sphincter preserving surgeries(SPS)for rectal cancer.The bowel dysfunction usually manifests in the form of low anterior resection syndrome(LARS),which has a negative impact on the patients'quality of life.This study reviewed the LARS after SPS,its mechanism,risk factors,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment based on previously published studies.Adequate history taking,physical examination of the patients,using validated questionnaires and other diagnostic tools are important for assessment of LARS severity.Treatment of LARS should be tailored to each patient.Multimodal therapy is usually needed for patients with major LARS with acceptable results.The treatment includes conservative management in the form of medical,pelvic floor rehabilitation and transanal irrigation and invasive procedures including neuromodulation.If this treatment failed,fecal diversion may be needed.In conclusion,Initial meticulous dissection with preservation of nerves and creation of a neorectal reservoir during anastomosis and proper Kegel exercise of the anal sphincter can minimize the occurrence of LARS.Pre-treatment counseling is an essential step for patients who have risk factors for developing LARS. | Ahmad Sakr Fozan Sauri Mohammed Alessa Eman Zakarnah Homoud Alawfi Radwan Torky Ho Seung Kim Seung Yoon Yang Nam Kyu Kim | 2020 | Chinese Medical Journal2020，，15： | 17 |
| 18 | Enhanced biological nutrient removal by the alliance of a heterotrophic nitrifying strain with a nitrogen removing ecosystem显示文摘从合成废水的氮移动在一个空运生物反应器(白长袍的) 被调查,在器官的碳下面与新奇不是自养的硝化细菌 Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9T 扩充了到从 0 ~ 12 的氮比率(Corg/N ) 。接种紧张的效果也在安定性质和化学的氧需求(货到付款) 的移动上被决定。二个实验室规模反应堆被设置完成在水力的保留的一样的物理化学的条件下面使状态硝化的一个马厩时间(HRT ) ,温度, pH 和溶解的氧() ,并且在定序的批模式下面操作了。水平在 0.5 1.5 mg/L 被保留由周期激动人心并且通风。每特定的 Corg/N 比率为 3 个星期的持续时间被继续。反应堆(BR2 ) 之一与 P 被接种。ammonioxydans H9T 周期性地在每 Corg/N 比率的开始。污泥容量的索引(SVI ) 与增加的 Corg/N 比率改善了,但是没有重要差别在二个反应堆之间被检测。BR2 与增加显示出氮移动的高水平不是自养的条件,和氨移动到达了到水平 82%88% ,在在在比 6 高的 Corg/N 比率的控制反应堆(BR1 ) 的比那高的 to10% 上面;然而,在试验性的反应堆的氨移动水平是多达 8% 比在在 Corg/N 的控制反应堆,比率比 2 降低降低。货到付款移动效率日益增多地反应堆在两个与增加的 Corg/N 比率增加了。货到付款移动百分比直到山峰价值 88%94% 在 BR2,多达 11% 比那高在在比 4 高的 Corg/N 比率的 BR1。氨和货到付款移动的山峰价值几乎与最高的数字与一致(18%27% 总计细菌的数字) 在 BR2 的外长的细菌,作为殖民地形成检测了单位(CFU ) 。而且,在 BR2 的氨和货到付款的移动是仔细与有为氨和货到付款的直到 0.82 和 0.85 的一个系数索引(R2 ) 的接种紧张的数字有关分别地。这些结果建议它在在高 Corg/N 比率与一个不是自养的硝化细菌接种的一个反应堆为氨和碳营养素移动是更有效的,推断不是自养的 nitrifers 将在有氨和货到付款的高水平的废水的处理实际上是更可得到的。 | Naeem ud din Ahmad XU Haiying CHEN Liping LIU Zhipei LIU Shuangjiang | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，2： | 17 |
| 19 | Research and development in agricultural robotics:A perspective of digital farming显示文摘Digital farming is the practice of modern technologies such as sensors,robotics,and data analysis for shifting from tedious operations to continuously automated processes.This paper reviews some of the latest achievements in agricultural robotics,specifically those that are used for autonomous weed control,field scouting,and harvesting.Object identification,task planning algorithms,digitalization and optimization of sensors are highlighted as some of the facing challenges in the context of digital farming.The concepts of multi-robots,human-robot collaboration,and environment reconstruction from aerial images and ground-based sensors for the creation of virtual farms were highlighted as some of the gateways of digital farming.It was shown that one of the trends and research focuses in agricultural field robotics is towards building a swarm of small scale robots and drones that collaborate together to optimize farming inputs and reveal denied or concealed information.For the case of robotic harvesting,an autonomous framework with several simple axis manipulators can be faster and more efficient than the currently adapted professional expensive manipulators.While robots are becoming the inseparable parts of the modern farms,our conclusion is that it is not realistic to expect an entirely automated farming system in the future. | Redmond Ramin Shamshiri Cornelia Weltzien Ibrahim A.Hameed Ian J.Yule Tony E.Grift Siva K.Balasundram Lenka Pitonakova Desa Ahmad Girish Chowdhary | 2018 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2018，11，4： | 17 |
| 20 | A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa:A miracle herb显示文摘Nigella sativa(N.sativa)(Family Ranunculaceae)is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world.It is very popular in various traditional systems of medicine like Unani and Tibb,Ayurveda and Siddha.Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food.The seeds of N.saliva have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases and ailments.In Islamic literature,it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine.It has been recommended for using on regular basis in Tibb-e-Nabwi(Prophetic Medicine).It has been widely used as antihypertensive,liver tonics,diuretics,digestive,anti-diarrheal,appetite stimulant,analgesics,anti-bacterial and in skin disorders.Extensive studies on N.sativa have been carried out by various researchers and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been explored which may include antidiabetic,anticancer,immunomodulator,analgesic,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,spasmolytic,bronchodilator,hepato-protective,renal protective,gaslro-prolective,antioxidant properties,etc.Due to its miraculous power of healing,N.sativa has got the place among the top ranked evidence based herbal medicines.This is also revealed that most of the therapeutic,properties of this plant are due to the presence of thymoquinone which is major bioactive component of the essential oil.The present review is an effort to provide a detailed survey of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics,chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant. | Aftab Ahmad Asif Husain Mohd Mujeeb Shah Alam Khan Abul Kalam Najmi Nasir Ali Siddique Zoheir A.Damanhouri Firoz Anwar | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，5： | 16 |
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