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| 1 | Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease显示文摘The onset of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In ALD, LPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling LPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and LPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and LPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of ALD. | Courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd Amy L DeVeney Mary M Huerter Lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，10： | 20 |
| 2 | A 3-year clinical trial of lamivudine in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B显示文摘BACKGROUND: Lamivudine was approved for the treat- ment of chronic hepatitis B in China in 1999; however the long-term result has not yet been reported in detail. This clinical trial was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safe- ty of 3-year lamivudine treatment for chronic hepatitis B and the impact of emergence of YMDD mutation of hepa- titis B virus (HBV). METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial began from 1996 to 1999. A total of 429 patients with serum HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA positive were randomized to receive either lamivudine 100 mg daily (322 patients) or placebo (107) for the first 12 weeks. All patients were given subsequently open labelled lamivudine 100 mg/d for a total of 156 weeks. RESULTS: After 12-week lamivudine therapy, the levels of serum HBV DNA decreased rapidly. The negativity of HBV DNA (<1.6 pg/ml) at week 12 was 92.2% in the lamivudine group, whereas it was only 14.1% in the place- bo group (P<0.01). After 1-year lamivudine treatment, 72.7% of the patients showed undetectable serum HBV DNA (<1.6 pg/ml). At the end of 3 years, serum HBV DNA continued to be substantially suppressed with a me- dian level below a detectable level in patients with non-YM- DD variant HBV, which was increased to 86 mEq/ml (bD- NA method, equivalent hybridization method 10 pg/ml) in patients with YMDD mutation. At the end of 1, 2 and 3 years, the rates of HBeAg loss were 9.5%, 16.8% and 20.0% respectively and the rates of HBeAg/anti-HBe sero- conversion were 8.3%, 11.5% and 17.3%. The rates of HBeAg loss and seroconversion were correlated with the baseline level of ALT. In patients with a baseline level of alanine transaminase (ALT)>2 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and ALT >5×ULN, the rates of HBeAg loss were 42.2% and 66.7%, and the rates of seroconversion were34.4% and 61.1% respectively (P<0.01) at the end of year 3. The levels of ALT at year 3 remained normal in 58.8% of patients whose baseline level of ALT was elevated, and in 79.1% of patients whose level of ALT was normal before treatment. YMDD mutations occurred in 12.1%, 49.7% and 70.5% of patients respectively at year 1, 2 and 3. In pa- tients with YMDD mutation, the levels of HBV DNA were increased slightly with mild to moderate elevation of ALT level. HBeAg loss and seroconversion were 20.0% and 15.1% in patients with YMDD mutation at the end of year 3, which were lower than those in non-variant patients (P<0.01). Adverse drug reactions or events varied gene- rally from mild to moderate. In 2 patients serious adverse events (fatigue and abdominal distension) were related to medication. ALT flares (ALT>5×ULN) occurred in 17 patients: 10 were YMDD mutants and 7 were non-mutants; all of them were relieved. No death occurred in the period of 3 years. CONCLUSION: Sustained inhibition of HBV replication and clinical improvement could be obtained after 3-year lamivudine therapy of good tolerance and safety. | Guang-Bi Yao, Zhen-Yu Cui, Bao-En Wang, Ji-Lu Yao and Min-De Zeng Shanghai, China Shanghai Jing-An Qu Central Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing 100011 , China Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100050, China 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Chinaand Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200001 , China | 2004 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2004，3，2： | 11 |
| 3 | 非洲裔美国人体力活动与高血压发生的相关性显示文摘非洲裔美国人在美国各种族(民族)中高血压患病率(男性为40.8%,女性为41.5%)最高。有证据表明,与美国其他种族(民族)相比,非洲裔美国人高血压与因心肌梗死、脑卒中和终末期肾脏疾病引起的过早功能丧失和死亡呈不成比例地升高相关。需要确定控制非洲裔美国人危险因素的措施,以减轻其发生高血压的风险。在许多其他人群中已证实,体力活动对预防高血压有保护作用。因此,高血压指南推荐采用体力活动作为预防性生活行为方式。 | Diaz KM Booth JN 3rd Seals SR Abdalla M Dubbert PM Sims M Ladapo JA Redmond N Muntner P Shimbo D | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，2： | 10 |
| 4 | Identification of in vivo induced protein antigens of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi during human infection显示文摘During infectious disease episodes, pathogens express distinct subsets of virulence factors which allow them to adapt to different environments. Hence, genes that are expressed or upregulated in vivo are implicated in pathogenesis. We used in vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) to identify antigens which are expressed during infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. We identified 7 in vivo induced (IVI) antigens, which included BcfD (a fimbrial structural subunit), GrxC (a glutaredoxin 3), SapB (an ABC-type transport system), T3663 (an ABC-type uncharacterized transport system), T3816 (a putative rhodanese-related sulfurtransferase), T1497 (a probable TonB-dependent receptor) and T3689 (unknown function). Of the 7 identified antigens, 5 antigens had no cross-immunoreactivity in adsorbed control sera from healthy subjects. These 5 included BcfD, GrxC, SapB, T3663 and T3689. Antigens identified in this study are potential targets for drug and vaccine development and may be utilized as diagnostic agents. | HU Yong1,2, CONG YanGuang1, LI Shu1, RAO XianCai1, WANG Gang3 & HU FuQuan1 1 Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China 2 Department of Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Baoji 721004, China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，10： | 9 |
| 5 | Retrorectal tumors in adults:Magnetic resonance imaging findings显示文摘AIM:To retrospectively evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of adult retrorectal tumors and compare with histopathologic findings.METHODS:MRI features of 21 patients with preoperative suspicion of retrorectal tumors were analyzed based on the histopathological and clinical data.RESULTS:Fourteen benign cystic lesions appeared hypointense on T1-weighted images,and hyperintense on T2-weighted images with regular peripheral rim.Epidermoid or dermoid cysts were unilocular,and tailgut cysts were multilocular.Presence of intracystic intermediate signal intensity was observed in one case of tailgut cyst with a component of adenocarcinoma.Six solid tumors were malignant lesions and showed heterogeneous intensity on MRI.Mucinous adenocarcinomas showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted and mesh-like enhancing areas on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images.There was a fistula between the mass and anus with an internal opening in mucinous adenocarcinomas arising from anal fistula.Gastrointestinal stromal tumors displayed low signal intensity on T1-weighted images,and intermediate to high signal intensity on T2-weighted images.Central necrosis could be seen as a high signal on T2-weighted images.CONCLUSION:MRI is a helpful technique to define the extent of the retrorectal tumor and its relationship to the surrounding structures,and also to demonstrate possible complications so as to choose the best surgical approach. | Bo-Lin Yang,Yun-Fei Gu,Wan-Jin Shao,Hong-Jin Chen,Gui-Dong Sun,Department of Coloproctology,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210029,China Hei-Ying Jin,Department of Coloproctology,The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210029,China Xin Zhu,Department of Radiology,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210029,China | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，46： | 7 |
| 6 | Clinical significance of mrp gene in primary hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To study the relations among the expression of the multidrug resistanceassociated-protein (mrp) gene and clinicopathologic features, the influence of α-fetoprotein (AFP),and prognosis of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of primary hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC).METHODS: The expression of the mrp gene encoding MRP and mRNAmrp was determined in tissuesfrom 54 untreated patients with HCC, adjacent tissues from 24 patients with HCC and archivalparaffin-embedded tissues from 12 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis. The relationship between the mrpgene expression and the change level of AFP was analyzed in the 24 postoperative HCC patients whoseAFP level was measured after 2 weeks. All of the HCC patients were followed up.RESULTS: The percentage of positive expressions of MRP and mRNAmrp in the three kinds of tissueswas 57.40%, 25.00%, 16.67%, and 72.22%, 37.50%, 33.33% respectively. Significant difference wasnoted in the untreated HCC tissue, compared to the other two tissues (P<0.05). No difference existedbetween the mrp gene expression and such clinicopathologic findings, as age, sex, and tumor size (P>0.05), but the expression was related to the degree of differentiation of HCC (P<0.05). The effectiverate of AFP in the mrp gene positive expression group or postoperative chemotherapeutic patients was lowerthan that in the negative group (P<0.05). Although no difference was seen in the 1-, 3-, 5-year survivalrates of HCC patients (P>0.05), the mean survival time of postoperative HCC patients or the negativemrp gene expression group was longer than that of the positive group (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Multidrug resistance (MDR) of HCC is related to mrp gene expression and initiatesthe intrinsic MDR. Detection of mrp gene expression is of great significance in accessing chemotherapeuticresistance of HCC, which provides evidence for reversing MDR in HCC. The mrp gene may be a usefulmarker in detecting prognosis of HCC patients because its expression is correlated with tumor differentionand mean survival time of the patients. | Bai-Lin Wang Xiao-Ping Chen Shu-Ping Zhai De-Feng Chen the 3rd Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510405, China the Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China | 2003 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2003，2，3： | 4 |
| 7 | 盐敏感人群的血流动力学、水盐平衡与钠储存、血管功能障碍相关显示文摘该研究对8名盐敏感和13名盐抵抗正常血压受试者的盐负荷和损耗引起的24h血流动力学变化进行评估。盐负荷后,与盐抵抗组人群比较,盐敏感组受试者由于总外周血管阻力[(1791±148)比(1549±66)dyn/(cm·s),P=0.05]较高,从而平均动脉压[(96.5±2.8)比(84.2±2.7)mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133kPa,P〈0.01]也增高;而两组人群心输出量差异无统计学意义[盐敏感(4.5±0.3)比盐抵抗(4.4±0.2)L/min]。 | 刘莉 叶鹏 Laffer CL Scott RC 3rd Titze JM Luft FC Elijovich F | 2016 | 中华高血压杂志2016，24，5： | 2 |
| 8 | Color-coded measures of myocardial velocity throughout the cardiac cycle by tissue Doppler imaging to quantify regional left ventricular function显示文摘 | Gorcsan J 3rd Gulati VK Mandanrino WA | 1996 | Am Heart J1996，131，6： | 2 |
| 9 | Assessment of the modulated gradient model in decaying isotropic turbulence显示文摘A recently introduced nonlinear model undergoes evaluations based on two isotropic turbulent cases:a University of Wiscosion-Madison case at a moderate Reynolds number and a Johns Hopkins University case at a high Reynolds number.The model uses an estimation of the subgrid-scale(SGS) kinetic energy to model the magnitude of the SGS stress tensor,and uses the normalized velocity gradient tensor to model the structure of the SGS stress tensor.Testing is performed for the first case through a comparison between direct numerical simulation(DNS) results and large eddy simulation(LES) results regarding resolved kinetic energy and energy spectrum.In the second case,we examine the resolved kinetic energy,the energy spectrum,as well as other key statistics including the probability density functions of velocities and velocity gradients,the skewness factors,and the flatness factors.Simulations using the model are numerically stable,and results are satisfactorily compared with DNS results and consistent with statistical theories of turbulence. | Hao Lu a) Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory,Department of Civil Engineering,University of Minnesota-Twin Cities,2 3rd Ave.SE,Minneapolis,MN 55414,USA | 2011 | Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters2011，1，4： | 2 |
| 10 | Fractures attributable to osteoporosis:report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation显示文摘 | Melton LJ 3rd Thamer M Ray NF | 1997 | J Bone Miner Res1997，12，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Olfactory neuroblastoma: the 22-year experience at one comprehensive cancer center 显示文摘 | Diaz E M Jr Johnigan R H 3rd Pero C | 2005 | Head Neck2005，27，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Early versus delayed surgery for acute cervical cord injury 显示文摘 | Mirza SK Krengel WF 3rd Chapman JR | 1999 | Clin Orthop1999，，359： | 1 |
| 13 | Multiple signal transduction pathways regulate ovarian steroidogenenesis显示文摘 | Wood JR Strauss JF 3rd | 2002 | Rev Endocr Metab Disord2002，3，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Functional dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, and impaired quality of life显示文摘 | Talley NJ Locke GR 3rd Lahr BD | 2006 | Gut2006，55，7： | 1 |
| 15 | The diagnosis of osteoporosis显示文摘 | Kanis J A Melton L J 3rd Christiansen C | 1994 | J Bone Miner Res1994，9，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Three-dimensional flexibility and stiffness properties of the human thoracic spine 显示文摘 | Panjabi M M Brand R A Jr White A A 3rd | | J Biomech0，1976，： | 1 |
| 17 | Adjuvant methotrexate and citrovorum-factor treatment of osteogenic sarcoma 显示文摘 | Jaffe N Frei E 3rd Traggis D | 1974 | N Engl J Med1974，291，19： | 1 |
| 18 | The biological impact of mass-spectrometry-based proteomics 显示文摘 | Cravatt B F Simon G M Yates J R 3rd | 2007 | Nature2007，450，7172： | 1 |
| 19 | Selection and evolution of high-affinity human anti-viral antibodies显示文摘 | Burton D R | 1996 | Trends Biotechnol1996，14，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Primary prevention of sudden death as a novel treatment strategy in hy pertrophic cardiomyopathy显示文摘 | Estes NA 3rd Maron MS | 2003 | Circulation2003，107，23： | 1 |
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