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| 1 | Global rare earth resources and scenarios of future rare earth industry显示文摘It is known to all that China is abundant in rare earth resources.But rare earth deposits are really not that rare in the earth crust.In the five continents,i.e.Asia,Europe,Australia,North and South America,and Africa,there are about thirty four countries found to have rare earth deposits;Brazil might surpass China and rank the first in rare earth deposits.At present,investment in rare earth production was surged,there have been about 200 projects,and the total production for 25 of them would be more than 170 thousand tons after 2015,a multi-supply system on rare earths is being established worldwide.Cautions on the investment of rare earth production are involved. | 陈占恒 | 2011 | Journal of Rare Earths2011，29，1： | 64 |
| 2 | Effect of rare earth elements and their oxides on tribo-mechanical performance of laser claddings:A review显示文摘Laser cladding is a promising photon-based surface engineering technique broadly utilized for fabricating harder and wear resistant composite coatings. In spite of excellent properties, the practical applications of laser claddings are relatively restricted when compared with well-established coating techniques because of their inherent defects identified as cracks, pores and inclusions. Substantial evidence suggests that the incorporation of an appropriate amount of rare earth in laser claddings can remarkably prevent these defects. Additionally, the presence of rare earth in laser claddings can notably enhance tribo-mechanical properties such as surface hardness, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness, friction coefficient and wear rate. In this literature review, the effect of rare earth in reducing dilution and cracks susceptibility of laser claddings in addition to microstructural refinement attained was examined. Mechanical and tribological properties of these claddings along with their underlying mechanism were discussed in detail. Finally, this article summarizes current applications of laser claddings based on rare earth and was concluded with future research directions. | M.M.Quazi M.A.Fazal A.S.M.A.Haseeb Farazila Yusof H.H.Masjuki A.Arslan | 2016 | Journal of Rare Earths2016，34，6： | 48 |
| 3 | Development of Rare Earth Hydrometallurgy Technology in China显示文摘In this paper, the recent advance of processes for treating Baotou mixed-type rare earths concentrate, bastnasite, and ionic adsorption deposit in China was reviewed. The R & D circumstance and new progresses in separation and purification of individual and high purity RE compounds in China were introduced. Moreover, the development of RE hydrometallurgy was also predicted. So we suggest to enhance the research and development of products applying RE, especially Ce, Y, Gd, Sm etc., for keeping RE consumption equilibrium and extending applications, to increase enterprise’s automatic control level for improving the stability and the consistency of the products, and to pay more attention to protection of environment. | 黄小卫 龙志奇 李红卫 应娓娟 张国成 薛向欣 | 2005 | Journal of Rare Earths2005，23，1： | 38 |
| 4 | Existing State and Partitioning of Rare Earth on Weathered Ores显示文摘The existing state and partitioning of rare earth (RE) on weathered ores in Longnan County(LN), Xingfeng County(XF) and Ninghua County(NH) were characterized systematically by standard geological analytical methods. It is found that RE in the weathered rare earth ores exist as four phases: (a) water soluble, (b) ion-exchangeable, (c) colloidal sediment (oxides), (d) minerals, in which mainly as ion exchangeable phase, accounting for nearly 80% of total RE, with about 20% in the form of colloid sediment phase and mineral phase, but very little as aqueous soluble phase. These rare earth partitioning were mainly chosen mid-heavy RE elements, occupying above 60%, but not equal in the four phases. The mid-heavy RE elements were primarily enriched in the ion exchangeable phase up to 40%, while the containment of cerium dioxide is below 2%. The cerium deficiency occurs in the ion exchangeable phase in weathered ore. It results from that the Ce 3+ is oxidized into Ce 4+ and changes into CeO2. For LN ore, the containment of Y is high in weathered ore because Y-minerals are abundant in original rock. | 池汝安 田君 李中军 彭翠 吴元欣 李世荣 王存文 周志昂 | 2005 | Journal of Rare Earths2005，23，6： | 40 |
| 5 | Process optimization of rare earth and aluminum leaching from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with compound ammonium salts显示文摘In order to intensify the leaching process of rare earth(RE) and reduce the impurities in the leachate, ammonium chloride(NH4Cl) and ammonium nitrate(NH4NO3) were mixed as a compound leaching agent to treat the weathered crust elution-deposited RE ore. Effects of molar ratio of NH^+_4Cl and NH_4NO_3, ammonium(NH_4) concentration, leaching agent pH and flow rate on the leaching process of RE were studied and evaluated by the chromatographic plate theory. Leaching process of the main impurity aluminium(Al) was also discussed in detail. Results showed that a higher initial ammonium concentration in a certain range could enhance the mass transfer process of RE and Al by providing a driving force to overcome the resistance of diffusion. pH almost had no effects on the mass transfer efficiency of RE and Al in the range of 4 to 8. The relationship between the flow rate and height equivalent to a theoretical plate(HETP) could fit well with the Van Deemter equation, and the flow rate at the lowest HETP was determined. The optimum conditions of column leaching for RE and Al were 1:1(molar ratio) of NH_4Cl and NH_4NO_3, 0.2 mol/L of ammonium concentration, pH 4–8 of leaching agent and 0.5 mL /min of flow rate. Under this condition, the mass transfer efficiency of RE was improved, but no change was observed for Al compared with the most widely used ammonium sulfate. Moreover, the significant difference value(around 20 mL) of retention volume at the peak concentration between RE and Al provided a possibility for their separation. It suggested the potential application of the novel compound leaching agent(NH_4Cl/NH_4NO_3). It was found that the relative concentration of RE in the leachate could be easily obtained by monitoring the pH of leachate. | 何正艳 张臻悦 余军霞 徐志高 池汝安 | 2016 | Journal of Rare Earths2016，34，4： | 35 |
| 6 | New Opportunities for Lanthanide Luminescence显示文摘三价的 lanthanide 离子显示迷人的光性质。相应元素和他们的第一工业使用的发现亲密地被连接到他们的光性质。这种关系被使活着直到什么时候的今天象节省精力的灯光的设备,显示,光纤维和放大器,激光,为生物医学的分析并且在察觉到的 celluio 的应答的光污点和成像那样的包含 lanthanide 材料的许多高科技应用,重重地依靠 lanthanide 离子的灿烂、纯颜色的排放。在这评论,我们首先在 f-f 转变,促进感受性机制,和对包含 lanthanide 的光效率的评价上与强调构画出 lanthanide 光的基础放射性的分子的大厦。强调然后被放在 lanthanide 光的二个快发展中方面上:为电信和轻射出二极管的材料,和生物医学的成像并且察觉到。在为塑料放大器和波导的射出 NIR 材料的最近的进展被描述,和最小化激动的状态的非放射的释放的研究人员带的主要答案。在 1999 那耳 tris (8-hydroxyquinolinate ) 的示范显示了合适的明亮绿的排出物因为射出二极管(OLED ) 的器官的光被认识到在 OLED, 25% 刺激精力导致汗衫状态, 75% 说到三位字节跟随。因为 lanthanide 离子是好三位字节,熄灭 ers,他们现在也在这些灯光的设备的发展起一个关键作用。生物分子的光分析在知道的最敏感的分析技术之中。lanthanide 的长一生使状态激动允许解决时间的光谱学被过去常,压制样品汽车荧光并且到达很低的察觉限制。可见 lanthanide 传感器现在无所不在地不仅在医药诊断并且在房间成像被规定,而且使用象 Yb (III ) 那样的离子的 NIR 排放的可行性现在是因为更深的穿入,在生物纸巾被测试。 | Jean-Claude G. Bünzli Steve Comby Anne-Sophie Chauvin Caroline D. B. Vandevyver | 2007 | Journal of Rare Earths2007，25，3： | 31 |
| 7 | Recent advances in solid-state LED phosphors with thermally stable luminescence显示文摘Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode(LED) lighting has gained tremendous achievements since the invention of the InGaN blue LED by Nakamura et al., who won the Nobel Physics Prize in 2014.By far, a significant challenge comes from the thermal quenching(TQ) behavior of the present LED phosphors during the high-power LED operation or the updated laser lighting. But systematic research or review on the luminescence quenching character and/or how to realize thermally stable luminescence are lacking. Since TQ is an inherent property of phosphors, it can be diminished by different approaches.This review proceeds from the mechanism of TQ, summarizes previous researches on improving the thermal stability of LED phosphors and also discusses future research opportunities in this field. The developments of the phosphors with properties of high luminance and thermal stability, as well as the improved strategies involved,will benefit the basic researches and applications in high power lighting or high-luminance laser lighting. | Jianwei Qiao Jing Zhao Quanlin Liu Zhiguo Xia | 2019 | Journal of Rare Earths2019，37，6： | 34 |
| 8 | Influence of Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Li Alloys显示文摘A series of α-based Mg-Li-Al-Zn-xRE alloys were prepared. These alloys have low density ranging from 1.5 to 1.7 g·cm -3 and high strength properties. The influence of RE element on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of these alloys were studied. The results indicate that the addition of RE (La, Pr, Ce) leads to the formation of rod-shaped intermetallic compound Al2Zn2La distributed in the matrix. Al2Zn2La induces reduction of the laminar spacing and causes refinement of the microstructure. Therefore, this compound improves the strength of alloys at a high temperature. | 王涛 张密林 牛中毅 刘滨 | 2006 | Journal of Rare Earths2006，24，6： | 29 |
| 9 | Corrosion Protection of Electro-Galvanized Steel by Green Conversion Coatings显示文摘A cerium-based chemical conversion process was studied. First, zinc coating obtained from a free-cyanide alkaline bath, with derivative of imidazol with new brightener, was investigated, zinc-plated steel specimens were treated with a solution of 50 mmol·L-1 Ce(NO3)3. The corrosion behavior of bare and treated mild galvanized steel was evaluated during exposure to 0.5 mol·L-1 NaCl for different immersion time, using Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The surface morphology of the coating was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition and chemical percent of the coating were examined by X-ray dispersion energy (EDAX). The results of these measurements showed that the newly developed cerium-based conversion coating process was a promising candidate for replaciog the conventional chromate treatments used at present for galvanized steel. | Mirghasem Hosseini Habib Ashassi-Sorkhabi Heshmat Allah Yaghobkhani Ghiasvand | 2007 | Journal of Rare Earths2007，25，5： | 29 |
| 10 | Advances on Rare Earth Application in Pollution Ecology显示文摘The use of rare earth for inducing plant resistance was reviewed. The important developments in recent years were described, and rare earth can alleviate the pollution of acid rain, ozone, pesticide, heavy metals etc. in environment. The authors suggest that the mechanism of rare earth to inducing plant resistance and reducing plant injury is to control biochemical metabolism web in plant cell, to adjust its protection system of free radical, to maintain its photosynthesis, to protect cell membrane system and to carry through its function on mineral metabolism. Meanwhile some problems in the field were discussed as well. | 黄晓华 周青 张光生 | 2005 | Journal of Rare Earths2005，23，1： | 27 |
| 11 | Effects of Light Rare Earth on Acidity and Catalytic Performance of HZSM-5 Zeolite for Catalytic Cracking of Butane to Light Olefins显示文摘The effects of rare earth(RE)on the structure,acidity,and catalytic performance of HZSM-5 zeolite were investigated.A series of RE/HZSM-5 catalysts,containing 7.54% RE(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu or Gd),were prepared by the impregnation of the ZSM-5 type zeolites(Si/Al=64:1)with the corresponding RE nitrate aqueous solutions.The catalysts were characterized by means of FT-IR,UV-Vis,NH3-TPD,and IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine.The catalytic performances of the RE/HZSM-5 for the catalytic cracking of mixed butane to light olefins were also measured with a fixed bed microreactor.The results revealed that the addition of light rare earth metal on the HZSM-5 catalyst greatly enhanced the selectivity to olefins,especially to propylene,thus increasing the total yield of olefins in the catalytic cracking of butane.Among the RE-modified HZSM-5 samples,Ce/HZSM-5 gave the highest yield of total olefins,and Nd/HZSM-5 gave the highest yield of propene at a reaction temperature of 600℃.The presence of rare earth metal on the HZSM-5 sample,not only modified the acidic properties of HZSM-5 including the amount of acid sites and acid type,that is,the ratio of L/B(Lewis acid/Brnsted acid),but also altered the basic properties of it,which in turn promoted the catalytic performance of HZSM-5 for the catalytic cracking of butane. | 王晓宁 赵震 徐春明 段爱军 张莉 姜桂元 | 2007 | Journal of Rare Earths2007，25，3： | 27 |
| 12 | SO_2 poisoning and regeneration of Mn-Ce/TiO_2 catalyst for low temperature NO_x reduction with NH_3显示文摘SO2 poisoning and regeneration of Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst prepared by a novel co-precipitation method for low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with ammonia were investigated in this study. When 700 ppm SO2 was fed in, the Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst had good resistance to SO2, but the deactivation of Mn-Ce/TiO2 poisoned by SO2 still occurred. The NO conversion of Mn-Ce/TiO2 (the molar ra-tio of Ce to Ti is 0.075) catalyst decreased from 92.5% to 34.6% in 13 h. Characterizations of fresh and SO2-poisoned Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalysts were carried out by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET), ion chromatography (IC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterized results indicated that the deposition of sulfates and nitrates on the surface made the catalyst deactivated. Water washing, thermal regeneration and reductive regeneration were used to regenerate the deactivated Mn-Ce/TiO2. And water washing showed best performance on the regeneration of poisoned catalysts, especially with ultrasonic vibration. The Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst showed high stability under a series of deactivation-regeneration experiments for ten cycles. | 盛重义 胡宇峰 薛建明 王小明 廖伟平 | 2012 | Journal of Rare Earths2012，30，7： | 28 |
| 13 | Modification Behavior of Trace Rare Earth on Impurity Phases in Commercial Purity Aluminum显示文摘Modifying effect and mechanism of trace rare earth on Fe(Si) rich impurity phases in commercial purity aluminum were studied with the aids of SEM, EDAX, TEM, etc. It is found that Ce rich mixed rare earth (RE) is an effective modifying agent, which makes the coarse Fe rich impurity phases transform into complex compounds of tiny, sphere/short stick form, thus improving mechanical properties of this material; its modifying mechanism is in that RE gathering in front of solid/liquid interface enters into the impurity phases, forming complex (AlFeSiRE) compounds; or is adsorbed in the impurity phases surface, impeding the growth of impurity phases; however, excessive RE will result in the increasing of RE compounds (secondary phases), and plasticity reduction of this material. Therefore, its addition amount should be less than 0 07% (mass fraction). | 傅高升 孙锋山 任立英 陈文哲 钱匡武 | 2002 | Journal of Rare Earths2002，20，1： | 27 |
| 14 | Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel显示文摘The types, morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attached to SEM. Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP. The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels. The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels. The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size. The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about 0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur. Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was (14-20)×10-6, which can act as a micro-alloying element. The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test. Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively. The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods. The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth. Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation. The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions. | 岳丽杰 王龙妹 韩金生 | 2010 | Journal of Rare Earths2010，28，6： | 25 |
| 15 | Preparation,characterization and catalytic properties of S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2-CeO_2 solid superacid catalyst显示文摘A novel solid superacid catalyst S2O82-/ZrO2-CeO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD,FTIR,BET,TEM and DSC/TG analysis methods. The results indicated that incorporation of appropriate amounts of Ce into the catalyst was beneficial to the formation of sole tetragonal ZrO2 and effectively prevented from the formation of monoclinic ZrO2,and restrained the loss of sulfated species. XRD revealed the presence of tetragonal Ce0.16Zr0.84O2 phase in the case of S2O82-/ZrO2-CeO2 calcined above 500 °C. Catalytic activities of S2O82-/ZrO2-CeO2 for the esterification of lactic acid with n-butanol was studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows:calcination temperature of the catalyst 600 °C,n(lactic acid) :n(n-butyl alcohol) =1.0:3.0,w(S2O82-/ZrO2-CeO2) =12.0%,reaction temperature 145 °C,and reaction time 2 h. The esterification efficiency of lactic acid was about 96.6%. | 樊国栋 沈茂 张昭 贾发瑞 | 2009 | Journal of Rare Earths2009，27，3： | 25 |
| 16 | In-situ synthesis of monolithic Cu-Mn-Ce/cordierite catalysts towards VOCs combustion显示文摘A monolithic series of Cu-Mn-Ce oxides supported on cordierites with different Cu/Mn/Ce molar ratios were prepared by the in-situ sol-gel method without any binder. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET) and examined in the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results showed that the well-dispersed nanometer particles of mixed oxides adhered firmly to the cordierite surface. Cu0.15Mn0.3Ce55/cordierite was identified as the most active catalyst. Compared with commercial Pd/Al2O3, Cu0.15Mn0.3Ce55/cordierite showed higher activities for the combustion of various types of VOCs, especially for oxy-derivative compounds which could be lighted off below 200 ℃. | 卢晗锋 周瑛 黄海凤 张波 陈银飞 | 2011 | Journal of Rare Earths2011，29，9： | 26 |
| 17 | Mechanical properties of the A356 aluminum alloy modified with La/Ce显示文摘The research of rare earths for the synthesis of materials with improved mechanical performance is of great interest when they are considered for potential applications in the automotive industry. In this regard, the effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the automotive A356 aluminum alloy reinforced with 0.2 (wt.%) Al-6Ce-3La (ACL) was investigated. The ACL was added to the melted A356 alloy in the as-received condition and processed by mechanical milling. In the second route, the effect of the ACL processed by mechanical milling and powder metallurgy techniques was investigated, and compared with the results obtained from the A356 alloy strengthened with ACL in the as-received condition. Microstructural properties were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction in order to observe the solubility of Ce/La in the Al matrix. In addition, electron microscopy was employed in order to investigate the effect of milling time on the size and morphology of La/Ce phase under milling process. Mechanical properties of the A356 alloy modified with ACL were measured by hardness and tensile test. For comparison unmodified specimens of the A356 were characterized according to the previous procedure. The microstructural and mechanical characterization was carried out in specimens after solution and artificial aging. Observations in scanning electron microscopy indicated a homogeneous dispersion of La/Ce phases by using both routes; however, mechanical results, in the modified A356 alloy with the ACL in the as-received condition, showed an improvement in the mechanical performance of the A356 alloy over that reinforced with the ACL mechanically milled. | E. Aguirre-De la Torre R. Pérez-Bustamante J. Camarillo-Cisneros C.D. Gómez-Esparza H.M. Medrano-Prieto R. Martínez-Sánchez | 2013 | Journal of Rare Earths2013，31，8： | 25 |
| 18 | Leaching hydrodynamics of weathered elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salts solution显示文摘In order to reveal the permeability rule of leaching agent solution and the effects of anions in the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth(RE) ores, the effects of ammonium concentration, temperature, particle size and porosity on the permeability were discussed in detail with(NH_4)2_SO_4, NH_4Cl and NH_4NO_3 as the leaching agent. It was found that the permeation velocity of ammonium salts increased linearly with the increase of hydraulic gradient. The seepage of ammonium salts solution in the RE ores followed Darcy's law and displayed a laminar flow. The properties of the leaching agent solution and RE ores were the main factors that affect the permeability of RE ores. With the decrease of ammonium concentration and increase of temperature, the viscosity of solution decreased and the permeability coefficients of RE ores increased. And the effects of temperature on the viscosity and permeability were larger than ammonium concentration. The permeability of RE ores became worse with the decrease of particle size and porosity, and the particle size played a more important role compared with porosity. The permeability coefficient of RE ores increased and the viscosity of ammonium salts solution decreased in the order of(NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4Cl and NH_4NO_3, implying that the penetrating power of anions increased in the order of SO_4^(2-), Cl^- and NO_3^-. The results may play a vital role in improving the permeability of weathered crust elution-deposited RE ores. | 何正艳 张臻悦 池汝安 徐志高 余军霞 吴明 白如钰 | 2017 | Journal of Rare Earths2017，35，8： | 25 |
| 19 | Rare earth and silane as chromate replacers for corrosion protection on galvanized steel显示文摘The present work aimed at using rare earth lanthanum salt and trimethoxy(viny)silance as chromate substitutes for galvanized steel passivation, in contrast to zinc coating samples treated with chromate.The corrosion resistance was assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and neutral salt spray tests(NSS).Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to characterize the sample surfaces.The organic coating adhesion on the panel was also investigated via varnishes-cross cut tests.The results indicated that rare earth and silane two-step treatment gave more effective anticorrosion performance than Cr, which also provided good paint adhesion.The coating formation mechanism was also discussed. | 彭天兰 满瑞林 | 2009 | Journal of Rare Earths2009，27，1： | 24 |
| 20 | Recovery of rare earth metals through biosorption: An overview显示文摘Rare earth metals(REMs)are a series of 17 elements that have widespread and unique applications in high technology,power generation,communications,and defense industries.These resources are also pivotal to emergent sustainable energy and carbon alternative technologies.Recovery of REMs is interesting due to its high market prices along with various industrial applications.Conventional technologies,viz.precipitation,filtration,liquid-liquid extraction,solid-liquid extraction,ion exchange,super critical extraction,electrowinning,electrorefining,electroslag refining,etc.,which have been developed for the recovery of REMs,are not economically attractive.Biosorption represents a biotechnological innovation as well as a cost effective excellent tool for the recovery of rare earth metals from aqueous solutions.A variety of biomaterials such as algae,fungi,bacteria,resin,activated carbon,etc.,have been reported to serve as potential adsorbents for the recovery of REMs.The metal binding mechanisms,as well as the parameters influencing the uptake of rare earth metals and isotherm modeling are presented here.This article provides an overview of past achievements and current scenario of the biosorption studies carried out using some promising biosorbents which could serve as an economical means for recovering REMs.The experimental findings reported by different workers will provide insights into this research frontier. | Nilanjana Das Devlina Das | 2013 | Journal of Rare Earths2013，31，10： | 24 |
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