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| 1 | A view on big data and its relation to Informetrics显示文摘Purpose:Big data offer a huge challenge.Their very existence leads to the contradiction that the more data we have the less accessible they become,as the particular piece of information one is searching for may be buried among terabytes of other data.In this contribution we discuss the origin of big data and point to three challenges when big data arise:Data storage,data processing and generating insights.Design/methodology/approach:Computer-related challenges can be expressed by the CAP theorem which states that it is only possible to simultaneously provide any two of the three following properties in distributed applications:Consistency(C),availability(A)and partition tolerance(P).As an aside we mention Amdahl’s law and its application for scientific collaboration.We further discuss data mining in large databases and knowledge representation for handling the results of data mining exercises.We further offer a short informetric study of the field of big data,and point to the ethical dimension of the big data phenomenon.Findings:There still are serious problems to overcome before the field of big data can deliver on its promises.Implications and limitations:This contribution offers a personal view,focusing on the information science aspects,but much more can be said about software aspects.Originality/value:We express the hope that the information scientists,including librarians,will be able to play their full role within the knowledge discovery,data mining and big data communities,leading to exciting developments,the reduction of scientific bottlenecks and really innovative applications. | Ronald ROUSSEAU | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2012，，3： | 13 |
| 2 | An SAO-based approach to technology evolution analysis using patent information: Case study—graphene sensors显示文摘Purpose: This paper introduces an approach to technology evolution analysis using patent information based on Subject-Action-Object(SAO) structures.Design/methodology/approach: First, SAO structures were extracted from patent documents and were cleaned. Second, several dimension-reduction techniques were used to generate technology topics. Then, the hierarchical relationships between technology topics were calculated based on patent clustering. Finally, technology evolution maps were drawn by adding a timeline.Findings: This approach can reveal technology evolution processes from multiple perspectives than other approaches.Research limitations: The semantic annotation of an SAO type is not very accurate and the semantic types of technology topics need to be enriched.Practical implications: The approach can be applied to draw technology evolution maps using different types of technology topics such as problem or solution.Originality/value: This approach offers an analytical dimension and more details than existing techniques, and it helps identify fundamental and emerging technologies more accurately and comprehensively. | Zhengyin HU Shu FANG Ling WEI Yi WEN Xian ZHANG Min WANG | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2015，，3： | 9 |
| 3 | Does conflict matter in the success of mass collaboration? Investigating antecedents and consequence of conflict in Wikipedia显示文摘Purpose: Web2.0 has facilitated the emergence of mass collaboration. Being a new model of virtual collaboration, mass collaboration has distinct characteristics such as self-organized voluntary participation and many-to-many communications mechanism. Behind the sparking achievements, mass collaboration systems are suffering from high coordination cost, reflecting intense conflict among the participants. This study explains how conflict interacts with its antecedents(participation and task complexity) and decedent(group performance) related to the mass collaboration process.Design/methodology/approach: Theoretical model is built upon literatures. Twenty-six measurable items, including social network indices used to reflect conflicts(e.g., density and degree), are extracted from Wikipedia database. The structural equation modeling is used to validate the proposed model.Findings: Participation increases task complexity, conflict and performance; task complexity and conflict increase group performance, but task complexity decreases conflict.Research limitations: This study is limited to one mass collaboration platform, other contexts can cause variance in the result. More characteristics of conflict network(e.g., self-loop)should be taken into consideration in future studies.Practical implications: Conflict management is critical to mass collaboration, and functions that increase the awareness of conflict may motivate users to participant, resulting better group performance.Originality/value: Few studies have investigated the consequences of conflict in mass collaboration context. Meanwhile, limited number of social network studies build network based on negative link. Moreover, most of extant studies on Wiki are descriptive researches without theoretical model. This study builds a theoretical model and incorporates social network approach to explore the influence of conflict. | Kewen WU Qinghua ZHU Julita VASSILEVA Yuxiang ZHAO | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2012，，1： | 8 |
| 4 | Understanding the factors influencing user intention to continue contributing knowledge in social Q&A communities显示文摘Purpose: A social question & answer(SQA) community's long-term sustainability depends on its members' willingness to stay and contribute their knowledge continuously in the community. This research aims to investigate the critical factors which influence users' intention to continue contributing knowledge in the SQA community. Design/methodology/approach: Grounded on information systems(IS) continuance theory, this study put forward a model of the factors that influence SQA community members' intention to continue contributing knowledge. Survey was conducted to gather data from knowledge contributors of four major Chinese SQA communities(Baidu Knows, Sina iAsk, Soso Ask and Yahoo ! Knowledge). By using the partial least squares(PLS) technique, research hypotheses derived from the proposed model were empirically validated. Findings: Except enjoyment in helping others and knowledge self-efficacy, all other factors including extrinsic reward, reputation enhancement, realization of self-worth, perceived usefulness, attitude towards knowledge contribution, and satisfaction exert significant impacts on users' continuance intentions in an SQA community. Research limitations: First, important factors such as the ease of use of information systems which may influence users' continuance intentions were not investigated in the study. Second, the study sample needs to be enlarged, and users of smaller SQA communities should also be included, to make the results more representative. Practical implications: This study will help SQA community designers and managers develop or improve incentive mechanisms to attract more people to contribute their knowledgeand promote the development of the SQA community. Originality/value: This study improves the previous research models and puts forward a model of user continuance intention to contribute knowledge in an SQA community. It willextend the understanding of SQA community users' intention to continue contributing knowledge by distinguishing these users' different roles and focusing only on knowledge contributors. | Xian GUAN Shengli DENG | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2013，，3： | 7 |
| 5 | Academic institutional repositories in China:A survey of CALIS member libraries显示文摘Purpose:China Academic Library&Information System(CALIS)planned to launch an institutional repository(IR)project to promote IR development and open access at colleges and universities in China.In order to get to know the current state of IRs in academic institutions,with the help of Peking University Library,CALIS Administrative Center conducted this survey.Design/methodology/approach:We conducted an online survey of CALIS member libraries.Findings:Firstly,the development of IRs at China’s colleges and universities is still in its infancy.Secondly,the Chinese colleges and universities have reached a consensus on the objective for having an IR.Thirdly,they are having high expectations of IR functions.Fourthly,they prefer to establish a centralized IR system at a minimum cost.Finally,there are both similarities and differences between the Chinese academic institutions and their counterparts in other countries in the state of IR development.Research limitations:The questionnaire needs to be improved because there is a lack of enough questions for those who do not plan to build an IR.Comparatively lower rate of valid questionnaire return can affect the accuracy of the results.It is hard to go into an in-depth discussion only based on the data collected from this questionnaire survey,and consequently,the findings from the survey can hardly present an accurate and comprehensive picture of the current state of IR development in the academic sector in China.Practical implications:The survey results provide essential foundation for CALIS IR project,and meanwhile the research can serve as a reference source for the future studies of the development of IRs at China’s colleges and universities.Originality/value:It is the first national survey focused on the development of IRs in academic institutions in China. | Yongchao ZHAO Xiaoxia YAO Chengfu WEI | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2012，，2： | 6 |
| 6 | Detection of early-stage research fronts——An example of complex networks research显示文摘Purpose:This study aims to detect research fronts of a scientific field in its early development stage using bibliometric indicators developed based on the features of research fronts.Design/methodology/approach:We first focused on conceptualization of'research fronts'and outlined 4 indicators to measure different aspects of the concept:Innovation,timeliness,stability and interdisciplinarity.Then research specialties obtained based on direct citation networks were evaluated with the 4 indicators and research fronts were identified.Finally,methodology was illustrated and verified in the research domain of complex networks.Findings:The results indicate that the proposed method is useful in detecting research fronts in a specific field which is at an early development stage.Research limitations:The quality of clustering results was not assessed.It needs to be further studied whether the method can be applicable to the fields that evolve slowly such as mathematics or are highly specialized like entomology and zoology.Practical implications:This study helps researchers keep abreast of emerging trends and policy-makers formulate science and technology policies and strategic plans.Originality/value:This research provides insights into a quantitative assessment method to detect research fronts of a scientific field in its early development stage. | Lihua ZHANG Zhiqiang ZHANG | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2014，，4： | 6 |
| 7 | Evaluating journals' yearly impact with altmetric indicators显示文摘Purpose: Applying SSCI journals of library and information science(LIS) as the research sample, we explore the feasibility of measuring academic journals' yearly social impact by using altmetric indicators.Design/methodology/approach: Using a sample of 66 SSCI journals in LIS published in 2013, statistics regarding journal mentions in social media and other online tools were retrieved from Altmetric.com and meanwhile citation data was also collected from JCR and Scopus. Based on the method of principal component analysis, data was analyzed for associations between the altmetric and traditional metrics to demonstrate the effect of altmetric indicators on measuring academic journals' yearly impact.Findings: The Spearman's rank correlation test results show that altmetric indicators and traditional citation counts were significantly correlated, indicating that altmetrics can be used to measure a journal's yearly social impact.Research limitations: The time frame of data collected from Altmetric.com may not be consistent with that of JCR and Scopus citation data.Practical implications: A new method is provided based on altmetrics for evaluating the social impact of academic journals, which can be applied to design new indicators of short-term journal impact.Originality value: In this paper, we have established a method for evaluating the social impact of academic journals based on altmetric indictors. Altmetrics can be complementary to traditional citation metrics in assessing a journal's impact within a year or even in a shorter period of time. | Simon S.LI Fred Y.YE | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2015，，2： | 6 |
| 8 | A multidimensional and hierarchical model of library mobile service quality显示文摘Purpose: Based on the understanding of the characteristics of mobile services(m-services) provided by libraries, we attempt to develop a multidimensional and hierarchical model and a specifically designed measurement scale for the assessment of libraries' m-service quality. Design/methodology/approach: The research has been conducted sequentially in two stages. At the first stage, a multidimensional and hierarchical model of library m-service quality and a measurement scale are developed through literature review and focus group interviews. At the second stage the model is tested using partial disaggregation technique for an analysis of the data collected from over 400 library users in 3 Chinese universities. Findings: The proposed model is shown to fit the data well. The empirical analysis provides strong support for the model, which includes 4 dimensions(service environment, service interaction, information control and service effect) and 12 corresponding sub-dimensions. Research limitations: The sample size needs to be enlarged and the user types need to be expanded to make the sample more representative. Practical implications: The study provides a conceptual framework and measurement tool that can help library managers understand the users' needs in the context of mobile network environment, and boost their libraries' competitiveness by carrying out better services to meet the user demands. Originality/value: The proposed model and measurement scale specifically designed for the assessment of libraries' m-service quality fully reflect the hierarchical structure of libraries' m-service quality. In addition, by using partial disaggregation technique for model testing,we believe our research can serve as a practical reference to those engaged in the development and examination of a multidimensional and hierarchical model. | Yang ZHAO Guo CHEN | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2013，，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Influencing factors of answer adoption in social Q&A communities from users' perspective: Taking Zhihu as an example显示文摘Purpose: Taking Zhihu as the object for a case study, we intend to analyze the key factors that have affected users on adopting answers in social Q&A(SQA) websites.Design/methodology/approach: With information adoption model(IAM) as the theoretical foundation and widely accepted evaluation criteria for answer quality in SQA sites as variables, we constructed a factor model that has influenced SQA community users to adopt offered answers. With the partial least squares(PLS) technique, our model was then empirically tested through a sample of 311 Zhihu users.Findings: Our results showed that answer usefulness is the most effective variable, and answer interactivity and answer entertainment both have positive and significant impacts on users' attitude to adopt answers in an SQA community. Except for novelty, other three components of answer quality, i.e. knowledge, reliability, and solution to the problem have all significant effect on answer usefulness.Research limitations: First, due to the limited sample size, it is still questionable if our research results based on Zhihu could be applied to other SQA communities. Second, our questionnaires were mainly designed to investigate how users felt about the answers in an SQA site, but did not differentiate the content of the answer itself.Practical implications: As a three-year-old SQA platform, Zhihu has developed very quickly with its high-quality answers and public intellectual users, and has been regarded as one of the representatives of fast emerging Chinese SQA communities in recent years. Our studycould help shed light on users' information sharing and knowledge adoption behaviors in a Chinese SQA site, such as Zhihu. Originality/value: Compared with previous studies on answer quality assessments in SQA sites and on information adoption model, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the pioneer studies which combined answer qualities with users' intention of adopting SQA answers. Our study on user answer adoption in Zhihu community could further develop the theory of IAM. This study showed that answer usefulness is the most important motivation of Zhihu users in the process of adopting answers. | Xiaoyu CHEN Shengli DENG | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2014，，3： | 5 |
| 10 | The reflection of hierarchical cluster analysis of co-occurrence matrices in SPSS显示文摘Purpose: To discuss the problems arising from hierarchical cluster analysis of co-occurrence matrices in SPSS, and the corresponding solutions.Design/methodology/approach: We design different methods of using the SPSS hierarchical clustering module for co-occurrence matrices in order to compare these methods. We offer the correct syntax to deactivate the similarity algorithm for clustering analysis within the hierarchical clustering module of SPSS.Findings: When one inputs co-occurrence matrices into the data editor of the SPSS hierarchical clustering module without deactivating the embedded similarity algorithm, the program calculates similarity twice, and thus distorts and overestimates the degree of similarity.Practical implications: We offer the correct syntax to block the similarity algorithm for clustering analysis in the SPSS hierarchical clustering module in the case of co-occurrence matrices. This syntax enables researchers to avoid obtaining incorrect results.Originality/value: This paper presents a method of editing syntax to prevent the default use of a similarity algorithm for SPSS's hierarchical clustering module. This will help researchers, especially those from China, to properly implement the co-occurrence matrix when using SPSS for hierarchical cluster analysis, in order to provide more scientific and rational results. | Qiuju ZHOU Fuhai LENG Loet LEYDESDORFF | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2015，，2： | 5 |
| 11 | A knowledge discovery method based on analysis of multiple co-occurrence relationships in collections of journal papers显示文摘Purpose:This paper explores a method of knowledge discovery by visualizing and analyzing co-occurrence relations among three or more entities in collections of journal articles.Design/methodology/approach:A variety of methods such as the model construction,system analysis and experiments are used.The author has improved Morris’crossmapping technique and developed a technique for directly describing,visualizing and analyzing co-occurrence relations among three or more entities in collections of journal articles.Findings:The visualization tools and the knowledge discovery method can efficiently reveal the multiple co-occurrence relations among three entities in collections of journal papers.It can reveal more and in-depth information than analyzing co-occurrence relations between two entities.Therefore,this method can be used for mapping knowledge domain that is manifested in association with the entities from multi-dimensional perspectives and in an all-round way.Research limitations:The technique could only be used to analyze co-occurrence relations of less than three entities at present.Practical implications:This research has expanded the study scope of co-occurrence analysis.The research result has provided a theoretical support for co-occurrence analysis.Originality/value:There has not been a systematic study on co-occurrence relations among multiple entities in collections of journal articles.This research defines multiple co-occurrence and the research scope,develops the visualization analysis tool and designs the analysis model of the knowledge discovery method. | Hongshen PANG | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2012，，4： | 4 |
| 12 | Balance between education and game-play— A case study of design and optimization of the mini-game book classification显示文摘Purpose: Based on our experience of designing and testing a computer-based game for teaching undergraduate students information literacy(IL) concepts and skills, this paper summarizes the basic strategies for striking a balance between education and entertainment for the designers of quality IL games.Design/methodology/approach: The project team recruited 10 college students to play the game and post-game group interviews revealed problems and optimization priorities. The optimized game was tested among 50 college students. Based on a comparison of testing results of the two versions of the game, basic strategies for designing quality IL games were summarized.Findings: The following 5 basic strategies can effectively promote combination of education and entertainment: 1) using adventure games to enhance gaming experience, 2) plotting an intriguing story to attract players, 3) motivating players to engage in game play with game components such as challenge, curiosity, fantasy and control, 4) presenting learning materials through game props, and 5) assigning players tasks to be completed with subject knowledge.Research limitations: The 5 basic strategies have been tested only in the development process of one game, and the book classification knowledge in the mini-game is limited to the22 major categories of the Chinese Library Classification.Practical implications: University libraries may refer to our experience to design and utilize educational games to promote the IL education for college students.Originality value: Few empirical studies tested and summarized strategies for combining learning and fun in the design of IL games for university students. The 5 strategies, which are summarized in the process of design and optimization of the mini-game book classification,are valuable for other designers of IL games. | Jianhua WU Yanan CHEN Xiangtao MA | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2015，，1： | 4 |
| 13 | Mapping the research on scientific collaboration显示文摘The aim of this paper was to identify the trends and hot topics in the study of scientific collaboration via scientometric analysis.Information visualization and knowledge domain visualization techniques were adopted to determine how the study of scientific collaboration has evolved.A total of 1,455 articles on scientific cooperation published between 1993 and 2007 were retrieved from the SCI,SSCI and A&HCI databases with a topic search of scientific collaboration or scientific cooperation for the analysis.By using CiteSpace,the knowledge bases,research foci,and research fronts in the field of scientific collaboration were studied.The results indicated that research fronts and research foci are highly consistent in terms of the concept,origin,measurement,and theory of scientific collaboration.It also revealed that research fronts included scientific collaboration networks,international scientific collaboration,social network analysis and techniques,and applications of bibliometrical indicators,webmetrics,and health care related areas. | HOU Jianhua CHEN Chaomei YAN Jianxin | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2010，，1： | 4 |
| 14 | Developing the information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates显示文摘Purpose:The aim of this paper is to develop a standardized and reliable measurement tool for assessing information-seeking behavior of undergraduate students.Design/methodology/approach:Based on information literacy and information-seeking behavior theories,expert advice and students’interview,items of undergraduates’informationseeking behavior indicators were selected.With the analysis of homogeneity reliability,item analysis and factor analysis,this study constructs an assessment system to evaluate reliability and validity of the scale.Findings:The information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has divided undergraduates’information-seeking behavior into seven dimensions,which include 46 items.The reliability analysis of Cronbach’sαwas 0.910,and the coefficient of split-half reliability was0.817.The results of factor analysis showed that Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)was 0.864,which indicates 55.536%of the total variation could be explained by the above seven dimensions.Research limitations:Due to a small sample size and limited sample distribution,further research need be conducted in an expanded sample size in order to explore the application scope of this evaluation system;in addition,the stability of the scale also need be confirmed.Practical implications:The paper sets up an information-seeking behavior evaluation system for undergraduates and explores the characteristics of their information-seeking behavior.This study provides guidance for the development of future information literacy education and the improvement of the information literacy level of undergraduates.Originality/value:An information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has been developed,which comprehensively covers information need,information source,information evaluation,information retrieval,information management,information utilization and information morality.The scale is proved to have good reliability,validity,popularity anddiscrimination that it is qualified to be an assessment tool of information-seeking behavior for Chinese undergraduates. | Dehua HU Dan CHE | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2013，，1： | 4 |
| 15 | A study of the IC^2 Culture Exploring Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) Library显示文摘The paper analyzes the environments confronted with academic libraries and the evolving characteristics of Shanghai Jiao Tong University that give shape to the conception and implementation of an IC2Culture Exploring Project.This innovative model of SJTU Library operation is not only in concert with the strategic goals of SJTU but also with two other conspicuous developmental trends in the larger academic library circle;namely,1)a trend toward the deepening of library service support in academic arena on the one hand and 2)the trend of diversifying library outreach services on the other hand.Based on our first-hand involvement in all phases and aspects of this project and its subsequent review and analysis undertakings,this paper expatiates upon the IC2Culture Exploring Project of SJTU Library in terms of its vision,its specific mission objectives,its program design,its unique characteristics,its launching process,its salient case studies,its initial results and its strategies for a sustainable development in the future. | CHEN Youhua CHEN Jin | 2009 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2009，，4： | 3 |
| 16 | Investigating the relationships between facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior显示文摘Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The researcher recruited 24 participants and assigned six simulated work task situations to each of them. Each experiment lasted around 2 hours and was recorded by the software tool Morae.Findings: Time(frequency) and time(length) are more closely related to user's selection and query-related behavior compared to the facet ‘process' of work task. Knowledge level of work task topic, degree of work task difficulty, and subjective work task complexity are significantly correlated with selection and query-related behavior. Work task difficulty and work task complexity are different concepts. Subjective work task complexity, work task difficulty, and knowledge of work task topic are significantly correlated with user's selection and query-related behavior.Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this study include a small sample size,limited work task situations, and possible spurious relationships. This study has implications in informing task-based information seeking/search/retrieval research and interactive information retrieval(IIR) systems design.Originality/values: Previous studies usually did not touch upon how different facets of work tasks affected interactive activities. Some studies examining task complexity and information behavior were concerned with how work tasks affect users' behavior at information-seeking level, rather than at information search level. This study makes contribution to interactive information retrieval,task-based information search and retrieval, and personalization of IR. | Yuelin LI | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2012，，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Integrating innovative library e-reserves service into teaching and learning at Shanghai Jiao Tong University显示文摘Purpose:Fully integrating its e-reserves service into the university’s course management system has become the primary design goal of the innovative e-reserves service system at Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU)Library.Design/methodology/approach:Through blending library and information service into the teaching and learning process,SJTU Library has effectively combined its reserves service into the user learning environment.The main metadata model and the design of various interfaces of the e-reserves service system are introduced.Findings:E-reserves has been integrated into the course management system.Users can directly access relevant resources when they browse the customized course page.It is more convenient for teachers to add reserves items,and the added items can be made available simultaneously on SJTU Library’s resource discovery platform automatically.Research limitations:At present,e-reserves items are mainly books,and more other types of reserves materials are needed to be provided.Some relevant copyright issues should be addressed.Practical implications:Using a series of interface interactions,the e-reserves service has been integrated into the university’s course management system.It is convenient for students to access customized e-reserves service during their learning process.Originality/value:We achieved interconnection between the e-reserves and the university’s course management system.Information on the e-reserves Web page is automatically updated.SJTU Library provides customized e-reserves service in the course management system. | Xiaohua SHI Xiaowei YU Wei PAN | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2012，，2： | 3 |
| 18 | Enriching online access to health information for the public: Efforts from a medical library in China显示文摘Purpose: Disseminating medical and health information is a mission of a public medical library. This paper describes a practice of a medical library in providing online access to health information for the general public.Design/methodology/approach: A four-step workflow is developed to integrate and disseminate heterogeneous health information from medical associations. First, a raw data repository is developed to manage the original submissions from information providers.Second, each document in the raw data repository is represented in a standardized XML schema. Third, the medical terms are identified and manually annotated, enriching the semantics of health information. Lastly, all the semantically enriched XML documents are converted to HTMLs for online dissemination.Findings: A health information website, CHealth, was developed for Chinese speakers. It provides free online access for all without any login or IP constrains. CHealth is available at www.chealth.org.cn.Research limitations: The current workflow is time-consuming and labor-intensive due to the lack of information submission/exchange standard and commonly agreed-on consumer health terminology in Chinese.Originality/value: In this work, the target audience of the medical library has been extended from traditional academic/professional to the general public. Methodologies in library sciences have been combined with those in consumer health informatics in CHealth development. | Tao DAI | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2013，，2： | 3 |
| 19 | Transforming the academic library for the future显示文摘Purpose:To meet the changing needs of academic and specialized users,university and research libraries are transforming their collections,staff,and services.At the UCLA Library,four principles underlie changes that have been made to support teaching,learning,and research by UCLA students,faculty,researchers,and staff.Efforts have focused on building and enhancing research collections,enriching the student experience through expanded teaching and learning services,transforming the Library’s role to support the entire research process,and re-conceptualizing the physical and virtual spaces of the Library to create an expansive and flexible scholarly environment.To support and inform these efforts,the Library is building a robust research agenda and deepening opportunities for faculty engagement.These changes challenge the traditional model of library staffing,and the Library has responded by identifying new areas in which leadership is needed and new recruitment tracks for academic appointments.Implementing such a transformative process has many stakeholders and requires broad input,discussion,and committed engagement to ensure its success.Design/methodology/approach:The UCLA Library has developed its strategic planning process over several years building on broad constituent input,unit and individual work plans,and constituent feedback.The process is high level as well as operational in nature and draws on basic metrics to motivate change.Findings:The four principles of the transition have been sustained over a period of years.Implications and limitations:This article is the personal observation of the author drawing on his own leadership experience and informed by the senior management and staff of the UCLA Library.Originality/value:The process and direction of this transition are focused on the UCLA Library and its role in the UCLA academy. | Gary E.STRONG | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2012，，4： | 3 |
| 20 | A study on service quality evaluation of digital libraries in China based on tetra-class model显示文摘Purpose: This study intends to evaluate the service quality of academic digital libraries(DLs)in China. By utilizing tetra-class model which concentrates on categorizing services according to their contributions to user satisfaction, this paper attempts to visually categorize the specific DL service elements to reveal their present performances, and then further explain the categorizing variations among different groups of users to discover the user preference.Design/methodology/approach: This paper carries out a survey to evaluate user experience on 27 typical DL services summarized from our investigations of representative Chinese university DLs. Based on the five-point Likert-type scale evaluation, the users' attitudes toward specific service element are divided into negative and positive dimensions. Afterwards,a correspondence analysis is applied to calculate the contributions to satisfaction and dissatisfaction of each service element based on tetra-class model. As a result, the DL service elements of Chinese academic libraries are classified into four categories(i.e. Basic, Secondary,Plus, and Key). Finally, we compared the categorizing variations.Findings: The results show that the DL service elements of Chinese academic libraries are all distributed in Basic and Key services regarding information retrieval and informationorganizing; 80% of the interaction services elements are Plus services, while 50% of the Secondary services are information-providing services. The results also reveal that service categorization is obviously influenced by the users' education background, especially their disciplines. Furthermore, the users who are older, more highly-educated, or studying in higher reputation universities are more likely to evaluate DL services as either critical or useless.Research limitations: Tetra-class model cannot reveal the interplay among the DL service elements. In addition, the user segmentation in our studies is limited to the sample structure.Practical implications: This empirical study focuses on the evaluation of DL services of academic libraries in China, the analyses of their current performances could provide useful reference for the assessment of other types of Chinese DLs. Moreover, the consideration of user characteristics(gender, age, and education background, etc.) in the DL evaluation would help librarians improve DL services to meet the users' various needs in teaching and doing scientific research.Originality/value: Different from the frequently-used factor analysis which focuses on the relationship among factors and user satisfaction, this paper tries to use and compare element distributions of different user segments while focusing on various service objectives. Factor analysis shows some flaws as used to measure the element with selected indicators, for it ignores the fact that the indicators which measure the same factor would have different degrees of impacts on user satisfaction. However, the tetra-class model can better visually analyze the performance of each DL service element from its contributions to satisfaction and dissatisfaction, which would help librarians to better understand users' need and offer DL services more efficiently. | Changping HU Weiwei YAN Yuan HU | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science2013，，2： | 2 |
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