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| 1 | A novel fault section locating method based on distance matching degree in distribution network显示文摘Fault section location of a single-phase grounding fault is affected by the neutral grounding mode of the system, transition resistance, and the blind zone. A fault section locating method based on an amplitude feature and an intelligent distance algorithm is proposed to eliminate the influence of the above factors. By analyzing and comparing the amplitude characteristics of the zero-sequence current transient components at both ends of the healthy section and the faulty section, a distance algorithm with strong abnormal data immune capability is introduced in this paper. The matching degree of the amplitude characteristics at both ends of the feeder section are used as the criterion and by comparing with the set threshold, the faulty section is effectively determined. Finally, simulations using Matlab/Simulink and PSCAD/EMTDC show that the proposed section locating method can locate the faulty section accurately, and is not affected by grounding mode, grounding resistance, or the blind zone. | Zhenxing Li Jialing Wan Pengfei Wang Hanli Weng Zhenhua Li | 2021 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2021，6，1： | 6 |
| 2 | Developments of power system protection and control显示文摘Synchronized wide area communication has become a mature technology,which makes the real-time interaction between the substations and the wide area protection and control system possible.However,the present protection and control system to handle this real-time data has been recognized to be deficient.This paper begins by reviewing the development history of power system protection,with special attention paid to the recent development in the field of wide-area and integrated protections,in order to look into the future development of protection and control systems.Then the concept of integrated wide area protection and control is introduced,where it can be shown that a hierarchical protection and control system provides the protection and control for wide area or regional power substations/plants and their associated power networks.The system is mainly divided into three levels:the local,the substation/plant,and the wide area/regional.The integrated functions at each level are described in details with an aim to develop an optimal coordination mechanism between each level.The key element in the proposed system is the wide area real-time protection and control information platform,which not only enables the merger of three lines of defence for power system protection and control,but also provides a perfect tool for the application of cloud computing in substations and power networks. | Z.Q.Bo X.N.Lin Q.P.Wang Y.H.Yi F.Q.Zhou | 2016 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2016，1，1： | 5 |
| 3 | Research on practical power system stability analysis algorithm based on modified SVM显示文摘Stable and safe operation of power grids is an important guarantee for economy development.Support Vector Machine(SVM)based stability analysis method is a significant method started in the last century.However,the SVM method has several drawbacks,e.g.low accuracy around the hyperplane and heavy computational burden when dealing with large amount of data.To tackle the above problems of the SVM model,the algorithm proposed in this paper is optimized from three aspects.Firstly,the gray area of the SVM model is judged by the probability output and the corresponding samples are processed.Therefore the clustering of the samples in the gray area is improved.The problem of low accuracy in the training of the SVM model in the gray area is improved,while the size of the sample is reduced and the efficiency is improved.Finally,by adjusting the model of the penalty factor in the SVM model after the clustering of the samples,the number of samples with unstable states being misjudged as stable is reduced.Test results on the IEEE 118-bus test system verify the proposed method. | Kaiyuan Hou Guanghui Shao Haiming Wang Le Zheng Qiang Zhang Shuang Wu Wei Hu | 2018 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2018，3，1： | 5 |
| 4 | A comprehensive review of DC fault protection methods in HVDC transmission systems显示文摘High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is an economical option for transmitting a large amount of power over long distances. Initially, HVDC was developed using thyristor-based current source converters (CSC). With the development of semiconductor devices, a voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVDC system was introduced, and has been widely applied to integrate large-scale renewables and network interconnection. However, the VSC-based HVDC system is vulnerable to DC faults and its protection becomes ever more important with the fast growth in number of installations. In this paper, detailed characteristics of DC faults in the VSC-HVDC system are presented. The DC fault current has a large peak and steady values within a few milliseconds and thus high-speed fault detection and isolation methods are required in an HVDC grid. Therefore, development of the protection scheme for a multi-terminal VSC-based HVDC system is challenging. Various methods have been developed and this paper presents a comprehensive review of the different techniques for DC fault detection, location and isolation in both CSC and VSC-based HVDC transmission systems in two-terminal and multi-terminal network configurations. | Mohan Muniappan | 2021 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2021，6，1： | 5 |
| 5 | Review of protection and fault handling for a flexible DC grid显示文摘With the development of power electronics technology,the flexible DC grid will play a significant role in promoting the transformation and reformation of the power grid.It is immune to commutation failure and has high flexibility in power control and renewable energy grid integration.However,the protection and fault handling technology for a flexible DC grid is a big challenge because of the limited overcurrent capability of the converters.This paper summarizes the development of the flexible DC grid,and analyzes the fault characteristics in detail.Next,the applicability,advantages and disadvantages of the existing protection principle,fault isolation and recovery schemes are reviewed.Finally,the key problems and development trend of the future flexible DC grid are pointed out and forecasted respectively. | Jinghan He Keao Chen Meng Li Yiping Luo Chenguang Liang Yin Xu | 2020 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2020，5，1： | 5 |
| 6 | New development in relay protection for smart grid显示文摘This series of papers report on relay protection strategies that satisfy the demands of a strong smart grid.These strategies include ultra-high-speed transient-based fault discrimination,new co-ordination principles of main and back-up protection to suit the diversification of the power network,optimal co-ordination between relay protection and auto-reclosure to enhance robustness of the power network.There are also new development in protection early warning and tripping functions of protection based on wide area information.In this paper the principles,algorithms and techniques of single-ended,transient-based and ultra-high-speed protection for EHV transmission lines,buses,DC transmission lines and faulty line selection for non-solid earthed networks are presented.Tests show that the methods presented can determine fault characteristics with ultra-high-speed(5 ms)and that the new principles of fault discrimination can satisfy the demand of EHV systems within a smart grid. | Baohui Zhang Zhiguo Hao Zhiqian Bo | 2016 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2016，1，1： | 5 |
| 7 | A critical survey of technologies of large offshore wind farm integration: summary, advances, and perspectives显示文摘Offshore wind farms(OWFs)have received widespread attention for their abundant unexploited wind energy poten-tial and convenient locations conditions.They are rapidly developing towards having large capacity and being located further away from shore.It is thus necessary to explore effective power transmission technologies to connect large OWFs to onshore grids.At present,three types of power transmission technologies have been proposed for large OWF integration.They are:high voltage alternating current(HVAC)transmission,high voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission,and low-frequency alternating current(LFAC)or fractional frequency alternating current transmission.This work undertakes a comprehensive review of grid connection technologies for large OWF integration.Compared with previous reviews,a more exhaustive summary is provided to elaborate HVAC,LFAC,and five HVDC topologies,consisting of line-commutated converter HVDC,voltage source converter HVDC,hybrid-HVDC,diode rectifier-based HVDC,and all DC transmission systems.The fault ride-through technologies of the grid connection schemes are also presented in detail to provide research references and guidelines for researchers.In addition,a comprehensive evalu-ation of the seven grid connection technologies for large OWFs is proposed based on eight specific indicators.Finally,eight conclusions and six perspectives are outlined for future research in integrating large OWFs. | Bo Yang Bingqiang Liu Hongyu Zhou Jingbo Wang Wei Yao Shaocong Wu Hongchun Shu Yaxing Ren | 2022 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2022，7，1： | 4 |
| 8 | Reactive power optimization of a distribution network with high-penetration of wind and solar renewable energy and electric vehicles显示文摘As high amounts of new energy and electric vehicle(EV)charging stations are connected to the distribution network,the voltage deviations are likely to occur,which will further affect the power quality.It is challenging to manage high quality voltage control of a distribution network only relying on the traditional reactive power control mode.If the reactive power regulation potentials of new energy and EVs can be tapped,it will greatly reduce the reactive power optimization pressure on the network.Keeping this in mind,our reasearch first adds EVs to the traditional distribution network model with new forms of energy,and then a multi-objective optimization model,with achieving the lowest line loss,voltage deviation,and the highest static voltage stability margin as its objectives,is constructed.Meanwihile,the corresponding model parameters are set under different climate and equipment conditions.Ultimately,the optimization model under specific scenarios is obtained.Furthermore,considering the supply and demand relation-ship of the network,an improved technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution decision method is proposed,which aims to judge the adaptability of different algorithms to the optimized model,so as to select a most suitable algorithm for the problem.Finally,a comparison is made between the constructed model and a model without new energy.The results reveal that the constructed model can provide a high quality reactive power regula-tion strategy. | Biao Xu Guiyuan Zhang Ke Li Bing Li Hongyuan Chi Yao Yao Zhun Fan | 2022 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2022，7，1： | 4 |
| 9 | Multi-objective optimization strategy for distribution network considering V2Genabled electric vehicles in building integrated energy system显示文摘Based on the large-scale penetration of electric vehicles(EV)into the building cluster,a multi-objective optimal strategy considering the coordinated dispatch of EV is proposed,for improving the safe and economical operation problems of distribution network.The system power loss and node voltage excursion can be effectively reduced,by taking measures of time-of-use(TOU)price mechanism bonded with the reactive compensation of energy storage devices.Firstly,the coordinate charging/discharging load model for EV has been established,to obtain a narrowed gap between load peak and valley.Next,a multi-objective optimization model of the distribution grid is also defined,and the active power loss and node voltage fluctuation are chosen to be the objective function.For improving the efficiency of optimization process,an advanced genetic algorithm associated with elite preservation policy is used.Finally,reactive compensation capacity supplied by capacitor banks is dynamically determined according to the varying building loads.The proposed strategy is demonstrated on the IEEE 33-node test case,and the simulation results show that the power supply pressure can be obviously relieved by introducing the coordinated charging/discharging behavior of EV;in the meantime,via reasonable planning of the compensation capacitor,the remarkably lower active power loss and voltage excursion can be realized,ensuring the safe and economical operation of the distribution system. | Zhao Huang Baling Fang Jin Deng | 2020 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2020，5，1： | 4 |
| 10 | A critical review of the integration of renewable energy sources with various technologies显示文摘Wind power, solar power and water power are technologies that can be used as the main sources of renewable energy so that the target of decarbonisation in the energy sector can be achieved. However, when compared with conventional power plants, they have a significant difference. The share of renewable energy has made a difference and posed various challenges, especially in the power generation system. The reliability of the power system can achieve the decarbonization target but this objective often collides with several challenges and failures, such that they make achievement of the target very vulnerable, Even so, the challenges and technological solutions are still very rarely discussed in the literature. This study carried out specific investigations on various technological solutions and challenges, especially in the power system domain. The results of the review of the solution matrix and the interrelated technological challenges are the most important parts to be developed in the future. Developing a matrix with various renewable technology solutions can help solve RE challenges. The potential of the developed technological solutions is expected to be able to help and prioritize them especially cost-effective energy. In addition, technology solutions that are identified in groups can help reduce certain challenges. The categories developed in this study are used to assist in determining the specific needs and increasing transparency of the renewable energy integration process in the future. | Erdiwansyah Mahidin H.Husin Nasaruddin M.Zaki Muhibbuddin | 2021 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2021，6，1： | 4 |
| 11 | An integrated multi-energy flow calculation method for electricity-gas-thermal integrated energy systems显示文摘The modeling and multi-energy flow calculation of an integrated energy system (IES) are the bases of its operation and planning. This paper establishes the models of various energy sub-systems and the coupling equipment for an electricity-gas-thermal IES, and an integrated multi-energy flow calculation model of the IES is constructed. A simplified calculation method for the compressor model in a natural gas network, one which is not included in a loop and works in constant compression ratio mode, is also proposed based on the concept of model reduction. In addition, a numerical conversion method for dealing with the conflict between nominal value and per unit value in the multi-energy flow calculation of IES is described. A case study is given to verify the correctness and speed of the proposed method, and the electricity-gas-thermal coupling interaction characteristics among sub-systems are studied. | Mengting Zhu Chengsi Xu Shufeng Dong Kunjie Tang Chenghong Gu | 2021 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2021，6，1： | 4 |
| 12 | Research on fault diagnosis for MMC-HVDC Systems显示文摘Introduction:With the development of flexible HVDC technology,the fault diagnosis of MMC-HVDC becomes a new research direction.Based on the fault diagnosis theory,this paper proposes a robust fault diagnosis method to study the fault diagnosis problem of MMC-HVDC systems.Methods:By optimizing the gain matrix in the fault observer,fault detection with good sensitivity and robustness to disturbance is achieved.In the MMC-HVDC system,because of the inherently uncertain system and the presence of various random disturbances,the study of robust fault diagnosis method is particularly important.Results:Simulation studies during various AC faults have been carried out based on a 61-level MMC-HVDC mathematical model.The results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis method.Conclusions:So this fault diagnosis method can be further applied to the actual project,to quickly achieve system fault diagnosis and accurately complete fault identification. | Zhiqing Yao Qun Zhang Peng Chen Qian Zhao | 2016 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2016，1，1： | 4 |
| 13 | Fault line selection in cooperation with multi-mode grounding control for the floating nuclear power plant grid显示文摘The Floating nuclear power plant grid is composed of power generation,in-station power supply and external power delivery.To ensure the safety of the nuclear island,the in-station system adopts a special power supply mode,while the external power supply needs to be adapted to different types of external systems.Because of frequent single phase-ground faults and various fault forms,the fault line selection protection should be accurate,sensitive and adaptive.This paper presents a fault line selection method in cooperation with multi-mode grounding control.Based on the maximum united energy entropy ratio(MUEER),the optimal wavelet basis function and decomposition scale are adaptively chosen,while the fault line is selected by wavelet transform modulus maxima(WTMM).For high-impedance faults(HIFs),to enlarge the fault feature,the system grounding mode can be switched by the multi-mode grounding control.Based on the characteristic of HIFs,the fault line can be selected by comparing phase differences of zero-sequence current mutation and fault phase voltage mutation before and after the fault.Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show the effectiveness of the proposed method in solving the protection problems. | Yikai Wang Xin Yin Wen Xu Xianggen Yin Minghao Wen Lin Jiang | 2020 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2020，5，1： | 3 |
| 14 | Hybrid classifier for fault location in active distribution networks显示文摘This paper presents a fast hybrid fault location method for active distribution networks with distributed generation(DG)and microgrids.The method uses the voltage and current data from the measurement points at the main substation,and the connection points of DG and microgrids.The data is used in a single feedforward artificial neural network(ANN)to estimate the distances to fault from all the measuring points.A k-nearest neighbors(KNN)classifier then interprets the ANN outputs and estimates a single fault location.Simulation results validate the accuracy of the fault location method under different fault conditions including fault types,fault points,and fault resistances.The performance is also validated for non-synchronized measurements and measurement errors. | Sadegh Jamali Alireza Bahmanyar Siavash Ranjbar | 2020 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2020，5，1： | 3 |
| 15 | Protection coordination in distribution systems with and without distributed energy resources-a review显示文摘Emission of greenhouse gases and depletion of fossil fuel reserves are two key drivers,which are forcing the mankind to generate the future energy demand from the renewable energy resources.These resources are generally distributed in nature and are directly integrated at distribution levels.Increasing penetration of the distributed energy resources in distribution power networks creates additional operational and control issues.These are mostly regulatory,economical load dispatching,power quality and protection issues.Generally power distribution systems are protected with the help of dedicated over current based protection schemes.But increasing share of distributed energy resources penetration in electric utilities poses a serious threat to the existing protection coordination schemes of the distribution systems.Distributed energy resources connected distribution networks become interconnected in nature and protection coordination schemes,which are designed for unidirectional flow of fault currents become ineffective/non-functional.Therefore,new protection coordination schemes are required for providing the adequate protection coordination for distributed energy resources connected electric power networks.In the available literature,the protection coordination schemes for radial distribution systems and developments in the area of protection coordination are discussed in detail.A thorough review for all these protection coordination schemes for distribution systems with and without distributed energy resources is done in this review article.It includes the analytical and artificial intelligence based techniques application for coordination of protective relays in the distribution systems.The limitations and research gaps in the area of protection coordination schemes are also presented in this review article.The aim of this research paper is to bring all the available research in the area of relay coordination on one platform,so that it will help the emerging researcher to identify the future scope of relay coordination application for distributed energy resources connected distribution systems. | Manohar Singh | 2017 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2017，2，1： | 3 |
| 16 | High performance decoupled active and reactive power control for three-phase grid-tied inverters using model predictive control显示文摘Finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is employed in this paper to control the operation of a three-phase grid-connected string inverter based on a direct PQ control scheme. The main objective is to achieve high-performance decoupled control of the active and reactive powers injected to the grid from distributed energy resources (DER).The FCS-MPC scheme instantaneously searches for and applies the optimum inverter switching state that can achieve certain goals, such as minimum deviation between reference and actual power;so that both power components (P and Q) are well controlled to their reference values.In addition, an effective method to attenuate undesired cross coupling between the P and Q control loops, which occurs only during transient operation, is investigated. The proposed method is based on the variation of the weight factors of the terms of the FCS-MPC cost function, so a higher weight factor is assigned to the cost function term that is exposed to greater disturbance. Empirical formulae of optimum weight factors as functions of the reference active and reactive power signals are proposed and mathematically derived. The investigated FCS-MPC control scheme is incorporated with the LVRT function to support the grid voltage in fulfilling and accomplishing the up-to-date grid codes. The LVRT algorithm is based on a modification of the references of active and reactive powers as functions of the instantaneous grid voltage such that suitable values of P and Q are injected to the grid during voltage sag.The performance of the elaborated FCS-MPC PQ scheme is studied under various operating scenarios, including steady-state and transient conditions. Results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme with regard to the achievement of high-performance operation and quick response of grid-tied inverters during normal and fault modes. | Mohamed Azab | 2021 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2021，6，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Short-term wind power prediction based on extreme learning machine with error correction显示文摘Introduction:Large-scale integration of wind generation brings great challenges to the secure operation of the power systems due to the intermittence nature of wind.The fluctuation of the wind generation has a great impact on the unit commitment.Thus accurate wind power forecasting plays a key role in dealing with the challenges of power system operation under uncertainties in an economical and technical way.Methods:In this paper,a combined approach based on Extreme Learning Machine(ELM)and an error correction model is proposed to predict wind power in the short-term time scale.Firstly an ELM is utilized to forecast the short-term wind power.Then the ultra-short-term wind power forecasting is acquired based on processing the short-term forecasting error by persistence method.Results:For short-term forecasting,the Extreme Learning Machine(ELM)doesn’t perform well.The overall NRMSE(Normalized Root Mean Square Error)of forecasting results for 66 days is 21.09%.For the ultra-short term forecasting after error correction,most of forecasting errors lie in the interval of[-10 MW,10 MW].The error distribution is concentrated and almost unbiased.The overall NRMSE is 5.76%.Conclusion:The ultra-short-term wind power forecasting accuracy is further improved by using error correction in terms of normalized root mean squared error(NRMSE). | Zhi Li Lin Ye Yongning Zhao Xuri Song Jingzhu Teng Jingxin Jin | 2016 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2016，1，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Multi-objective energy management in microgrids with hybrid energy sources and battery energy storage systems显示文摘Microgrid with hybrid renewable energy sources is a promising solution where the distribution network expansion is unfeasible or not economical.Integration of renewable energy sources provides energy security,substantial cost savings and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions,enabling nation to meet emission targets.Microgrid energy management is a challenging task for microgrid operator(MGO)for optimal energy utilization in microgrid with penetration of renewable energy sources,energy storage devices and demand response.In this paper,optimal energy dispatch strategy is established for grid connected and standalone microgrids integrated with photovoltaic(PV),wind turbine(WT),fuel cell(FC),micro turbine(MT),diesel generator(DG)and battery energy storage system(ESS).Techno-economic benefits are demonstrated for the hybrid power system.So far,microgrid energy management problem has been addressed with the aim of minimizing operating cost only.However,the issues of power losses and environment i.e.,emission-related objectives need to be addressed for effective energy management of microgrid system.In this paper,microgrid energy management(MGEM)is formulated as mixedinteger linear programming and a new multi-objective solution is proposed for MGEM along with demand response program.Demand response is included in the optimization problem to demonstrate it’s impact on optimal energy dispatch and techno-commercial benefits.Fuzzy interface has been developed for optimal scheduling of ESS.Simulation results are obtained for the optimal capacity of PV,WT,DG,MT,FC,converter,BES,charging/discharging scheduling,state of charge of battery,power exchange with grid,annual net present cost,cost of energy,initial cost,operational cost,fuel cost and penalty of greenhouse gases emissions.The results show that CO_(2) emissions in standalone hybrid microgrid system is reduced by 51.60%compared to traditional system with grid only.Simulation results obtained with the proposed method is compared with various evolutionary algorithms to verify it’s effectiveness. | V.V.S.N.Murty Ashwani Kumar | 2020 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2020，5，1： | 3 |
| 19 | A new coordinated backup protection scheme for distribution network containing distributed generation显示文摘This paper proposes a new backup protection scheme,named coordinated backup protection(CBP)scheme,for distribution networks containing distributed generation.The proposed protection scheme takes into account the issues faced by traditional backup protection,such as difficulty in setting parameters and complex cooperation,and considers the features of distribution networks,such as changeable power flow because of high penetration of distributed generation sources and insufficient measuring quantities.The CBP scheme includes two aspects:coordinated substation protection and regional master substation protection,who also work as nearby backup protection and remote backup protection respectively.The two protections support each other by local information coordination and regional information sharing,in order to improve the reliability of fault identification.The configuration principles and performances of the proposed backup protection scheme are addressed in the paper.Different fault conditions in the IEEE 14-node system have been used to illustrate and verify the feasibility of the CBP scheme. | Jinghan He Lin Liu Fanfan Ding Changcheng Li Dahai Zhang | 2017 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2017，2，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Development of a WAMS based test platform for power system real time transient stability detection and control显示文摘The real-time transient stability detection and emergency control technology based on wide area response has become a hot research area in power system stability studies.Several different technologies have been proposed,but lots of problems remain to be solved before they can be applied in practice.A wide area measurement system(WAMS)based test platform is developed for transient stability detection and control.The design as well as main function modules of the platform are introduced.In addition,three generator power angle prediction methods and six response based transient instability detection technologies are given.Results of engineering application demonstrate that the developed test platform can provide a real-time operation environment,which can effectively compare and analyze the validity and practicability of these transient stability detection technologies.Based on the measured perturbed trajectories from actual power systems or the Real-Time Digital Simulators(RTDS),the platform can realize the assessment and visual result presentation of various responses from different transient instability detection technologies.The test platform can be applied to different power systems and it is convenient to embed new transient instability detection modules.Meanwhile some deficiencies and shortcomings in engineering application are pointed out and corresponding suggestions are given.In conclusion,the hardware and software structure,function modulus and engineering applications are presented.The application in actual power systems shows that it has a good application perspective. | Jinquan Zhao Yujie Zhang Pan Zhang Xiaoming Jin Chao Fu | 2016 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2016，1，1： | 3 |
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